It’s possible that playing a game of gotcha with Donald Trump for the sin of saying that Saddam Hussein was good at killing terrorists is the most boring thing ever. Over 250 Iraqis were killed in Baghdad on Sunday when a lorry exploded in a busy shopping area of the city. The area is mostly Shiite and the Sunni extremist group Islamic State took responsibility. Believe it or not, this was the single worst loss of life since the invasion in 2003. Here’s how Jermey Bowen of the BBC put it:
Saddam Hussein’s regime was harsh, and it could be murderous. He led the country into a series of disastrous wars and brought crippling international sanctions down on their heads.
But with the benefit of 13 years of hindsight, the world that existed before 9 April 2003 seems to be a calmer, more secure place. They have not had a proper day of peace since the old regime fell.
As for democracy, many I have spoken to believe the hopelessly sectarian political system is broken. At least, they say, law and order existed under Saddam.
We need to reckon with this reality. It does no good to keep going back to the old rhetoric about what a tyrant Saddam Hussein was to his own people. What Trump is trying to say in his own awkward way is that Hussein kept the lid on and what we’ve gotten in his place is far worse. And, if he stuck to making that limited point, he’d be on solid footing, which means that it’s just a perpetuation of our national stupidity and infinite capacity to avoid self-reflection to go out and say, “Ooh, ooh, Trump said something halfway complimentary about Saddam Hussein!”
No, the actual valid critique of Trump is that he wants to address our own vulnerabilities to terrorism by emulating the tactics of Saddam Hussein. If the American home front hadn’t enjoyed a proper day of peace since April of 2003, then maybe we’d all be ready to elect a strongman who would restore some law and order. But this is not Baghdad or Fallujah, and we have no good reason to cede our civil rights to Donald Trump.
Trump wants to torture people. He wants to kill the relatives of terrorists. He doesn’t want to read people their rights before summarily executing them. These are the things he’s promising that he can do for us.
There was a time not too long ago that these kinds of actions were considered so loathsome and beyond the pale that they were used as justifications for invading Iraq and toppling the Baath regime there, but now one of our major party presidential candidates is offering to behave the same way.
That’s ironic and sad, but the lesson in this is not that no one should ever say one sort of complimentary thing about Hussein. There are other lessons. For one, we now know that governing the factions inside Iraq was no cakewalk and that there were forces threatening to rip the country apart that weren’t so evident to the outsider or even most Iraqis. That doesn’t excuse Saddam Hussein’s ruthlessness and pitiless treatment of dissenters, but it puts that record in some context. It’s a little easier to see now that Hussein was a monster who was fighting even worse monsters, and it’s clearer that our own foreign policy elite did not know what the fuck they were messing with when they decided to single out Hussein as the world’s most malevolent actor and remove him from power. They also didn’t know what they were doing when the empowered these Islamic State types to go fight the Russians in Afghanistan and Chechnya thinking that they could use their religious fanaticism against the officially atheist Soviet system. They had no understanding that beneath the old Cold War schisms between Arab Nationalists and Communists and the Muslim Brotherhood was a festering Sunni/Shi’a divide waiting to break out on a global scale. Hussein’s regime was like a bathtub plug that prevented the whole region from circling the drain.
In this context, and in retrospect, playing gotcha on Saddam is depressingly beside the point. It’s the equivalent of treating Iran as if the hostage crisis just ended yesterday and the Shiites never took over Iraq. We can’t have a worldview trapped in 1980’s vintage amber. And this is particularly true because we made our biggest mistakes in the 1980’s. Back then we signed off on the Israelis’ invasion of Lebanon (which basically created Hizbollah) and the massive expansion of West Bank settlements (which created Hamas), and we ramped up support for the mujahideen in Afghanistan (which created thousands of radicalized military veterans), and we actively abetted the stalemated Iraq-Iran War (which left two war-torn and embittered countries), and we didn’t think about the blowback potential from our military alliances with Saudi Arabia and Egypt (which created the bin-Laden-Zawahiri Al-Qaeda alliance).
We have blundered at every step and yet the best we seem to be able to do is to score political points when someone points out that Iraq was better off under Saddam than it is today.
If we can’t even learn the tiniest bit from this history, we are going to wind up electing a strongman eventually, simply because we’re too stupid to keep ourselves safe any other way.
Our elites want to know why no one is listening to them, and it’s because they go around scolding people for not understanding basic things when their own recent record has been disastrous. Trump is tapping into this, and the way to keep him at bay is not to nitpick him for saying something politically incorrect about Saddam Hussein.
When I wake up tomorrow, I am going to read the long-awaited Chilcot Report. You should, too. If the Brits can hold their elites accountable, then so should we. One of our presidential candidates voted to authorize the fiasco in Iraq and the other falsely claims to have opposed it. This is not where we want to be as a country.
We need our elites to do their jobs well. And that’s not going to happen if our discourse about Iraq is stuck on Saddam Hussein being a uniquely bad guy.
Trump is apparently not alone on this one — WaPo:
Triti Parsi:
CNN – Bombing that killed more than 200 deadliest attack in Baghdad in years. The casualty figures are over 215 killed and at least 175 wounded. The population of Iraq is just over 10% of that in the US. A comparable horror in this country would be 3,000 casualties and we know what this country does in response to such an event.
How long before Nancy announces this, too, is a verboten subject for Dems because….TRUMP!!!!!!!
All of which proves that when you destroy a country and leave its people with nothing, there will be blowback.
“All of which demonstrates yet again that when you destroy a country larger than Grenada and leave its people with nothing, there will be blowback.” Fixed it.
Then 2003:
On our side of the pond:
And demonstrating the magnitude of her competence, we have:
And to Booman’s point . . .
What a totally confusing place the world must be for you.
Sanders seemed clear enough in that clip. I would note the comment about unintended consequences. ISIS shows that in spades. Fact is you simply cannot destroy a country down to its infrastructure and leave a nation in turmoil and disposed and expect there will not be consequences. And now our drones and aircraft wander around the skies and kill innocents and terrorists together. Do we really know the difference anymore?
It is also interesting to see that Sanders was even then talking about people’s well being. Too bad we lost him.
Best be careful. In my experience, Hillary’s defenders hotly resent reminders of her Iraq War vote.
I suppose it must seem so unfair to them. It would have been too politically risky to oppose it, they say. (As if her political career was more important than their lives.) She was only trying to strengthen Bush’s hand, they say. (And who would question the wisdom of his judgment?)
And the hundreds of thousands of civilians killed, still awaiting justice, with Hillary’s signature eternally fixed to their death warrant, say nothing.
But the proof that Hillary deserves every ounce of the moral opprobrium heaped on her is that in time she became the chief supporter for the equally ignorant, equally savage, equally tragic destruction of Libya. And then displayed the colossal depravity of crowing how this represented “smart power at its best”!
Let anyone voting for such a fiend be prepared for their complicity in her next war crime.
In my experience, Hillary’s defenders hotly resent reminders of 75% of her important record.
Marriage: sacred bond between a man and a women.
“Super predators.”
Kissinger, Kagan, etal. and Ukraine.
wiggle room on her support for abortion.
TTP – the gold standard.
no fly zone Syria
etc.
(guess I should make a complete list to cut and paste as needed.)
In 2008, I considered Obama and Clinton to have nearly identical policy proposals, but favored Obama because Clinton just would not apologize for her vote to authorize the invasion of Iraq. It really was that simple for me.
I am now a “Hillary supporter” in the sense that I will vote for her in November. I favored Sanders as the candidate. So it goes. If you think that means I’m voting for a “fiend” and that I’m pre-emptively complicit in war crimes, well, I can live with your condemnation.
I’m sure you can live with a Hillary administration. Unfortunately, there a lot of Muslim civilians out there who won’t.
Didn’t Bernie Sanders oppose the war. Or am I wrong: Right, he’s not a candidate anymore. You must be talking about Trump making a false claim about it. What would his opinion have been worth then anyway? And now? Oh so many questions about the Middle East and so little time and space and intellect to deal with them.
Booman Tribune ~ Did Trump Say Something Nice About Saddam?
Yes, something changed in the 80ies. And it is still going on. Before the 80ies it was more of politics of control by supporting “friendly” dictators. After the 80ies it is a mix of “friendly” dictators and promotion of chaos. Less pax romanum and more eternal war.
Today the politics of chaos goes on as US provides arms that keep end up in the hands of Al-Qaeda in Syria. To back up a bit in time, add signing off on the latest Israeli attack on Lebanon, tepid protest at expansion of settlements in the West bank and supporting civil war in Yemen, Syria and Libya.
Why this is, is a really good question.
Part of the reason is that the neo-cons took over, enabled by Reagan/Thatcher, who believed in the New American Century and the USA’s unique role as the world’s enforcer – ostensibly in support of human rights, but in reality in support of US corporate “rights” to profit without hindrance from local populations and states…
Before then there was more overt respect for the sovereignty of states even if you disagreed with them. Actions to topple regimes which got in the way of US corporate interests were mostly covert. With the neo-cons, US Capitalism, red in tooth and claw simply broke cover. They had the “intellectual” justification to do whatever they wanted to, where they wanted to do it, and however they wanted to do it. The USA’s emergence as the world’s sole super-power following the fall of the Soviet Union is what made it all possible.
Well, we kinda limited those to Latin America, our sphere of influence. We did plenty of it down there, I believe.
Booman Tribune ~ Did Trump Say Something Nice About Saddam?
Isn’t this all things the US already does? Ok, the killing of relatives is not intentional, just the consequence of using drones, but isn’t execution by drones by definition without reading any rights? And did the US ever stop torturing?
Yes. And the same things are done in other Middle Eastern countries like Saudi Arabia, Israel, Egypt and more. Are they also on the list for regime change? The Chilcot report has been made public in London. The war was obviously a complete fuck-up from the word go with Tony Blair in the driver’s seat. When will the US publish its own report on this atrocity?
Yes. This.
A supporter of the Iraq War is about to President. SHe is holding fundraisers with a key architect of that War.
I don’t see how we are holding anyone accountable for Iraq.
You’re too fussy. She’s great. Who is one of the ‘chief architects’ of the US/UK terrorist aggression against Iraq? Tony Blair’s support of George W. Bush made it a lot easier for the latter to get his way. Without the support of the UK (Blair) the US would have been a totally naked aggressor, this way it was at least able to cover its private parts.
Only for those that can’t connect obvious dots.
Kagan, an arhitect of the Iraq War:
http://mondoweiss.net/2015/11/regime-change-trauma/
Holds fundraisers for Clinton
http://foreignpolicy.com/2016/06/23/exclusive-prominent-gop-neoconservative-to-fundraise-for-hillary
-clinton/
HRC seeks geo-political advice from Henry Kissinger and their two families vacation together at de la Renta’s DR estate. She bonds with certain men — at creepy secret prayer groups and wherever shooters are served.
I’d expect nothing less from someone who considered Hosni Mubarak “a friend of my family”.
She (and Bill) is popular among the global VSP set. (That’s why, according to her and Bill, the Clinton fund has been so successful in generating very large donations and she gets $225,000 (plus all expenses paid) for reading a twenty minute speech).
Trump was once considered a good enough friend that she and Bill attended his third wedding. And until she lost the ’08 primary, Trump was one of her maxi-donors. After that (like a good PUMA) he switched to McCain.
“She bonds with certain men — at creepy secret prayer groups and wherever shooters are served.”
Please elaborate. I am unaware of “creepy secret prayer groups”, and I don’t even know what you mean by “wherever shooters are served”. Thank you.
#1 — reference Jeff Sharlet “The Family.”
#2 — Billmon on NYTimes report (Sunday or Monday) (also covered at WaPo):
The first item was reported in ’07 and very much added to my opposition to HRC. If I wanted to vote for an economic and religious conservative, I’d just go with any of the Republicans that she covertly prayed with.
wrt the second — prefer people that have moderate appetites.
Ouch! That comment is worthy of Maureen Dowd. (Because it’s true ad really nasty at the same time.) Kudos!
DoD spending was the only additional stimulus we could get bipartisanship on?
Not exactly. It was the only one that GWB proposed. Had he offered alternative stimulus spending proposals that weren’t boondoggles, those too would have passed because the Capitol Hill gang were in a go along to get along mood.
Sort of puts me in mind of Digby’s shtick about how the Very Serious Foreign Policy Experts are usually wrong and the Dirty F—ing Hippies are usually right, but with the passage of time and the consequences of policies visible to everyone, the VSFPEs are still VSFPEs and the DFHs are still DFHs.
I find the picture of Saddam and the crying child biased. Maybe we’re supposed to conclude that Saddam wasn’t a nice man (as Lynn Cheney said once about John Kerry). Well children just cry sometimes in the presence of strangers. As a child I was presented to Eleanor Roosevelt at a public audience in Hyde Park (nothing special, she did things like that quite regularly) and, my parents later told me, I cried when she kissed me on the cheek. (I knew some Republicans who thought she was the devil incarnate.)
Shall I apologize to Saddam?
Doesn’t the picture provide the ambiguity that I’m encouraging people to embrace?
No, BooMan, it would appear that you are dealing with certain readers unable to process ambiguity.
Try social justification…it even has a section for imperialism.
OOHHH, scary word there: Imperialism.
You forgot to mentioned neoliberal and neocon, as in, “you’re an ignorant neoliberal neocon imperialist scumbag”. Or scramble the order of all those modifiers: after all, the whole phrase is just a pejorative without any meaning.
Get a grip on yourself man! You’re the last one to recognize ambiguity when it’s staring you in the face.
Maybe the title needs an update to Merchants of War…
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=exm7FN-t3PY
OH come now, the photo that Booman used is a great example of ambiguity.
Actually, I thought it was one of his own kids, but maybe they never release informal photos… He looked to me like any father in that situation, but what do I know.
It was a family photo. That is his grandson.
Seriously? If so, how it was used here by Martin demonstrates a total callousness towards that young boy. Maybe he should grab a photo of Trump kissing one of his grandchildren as she/he is crying to accompany his next Trump take-down.
Yeah. That is his daughter’s kid.
Actually, the child that Saddam Hussein is kissing is his love child with Donald Trump’s daughter Ivanka. I thought everyone knew that.
<blockquote?In the Commons David Cameron is still responding to questions. Adapting one of Tony Blair’s most famous comments, the SDLP MP Mark Durkan said that this was not a day for soundbites, but today was a day when “the hand of history should be feeling someone’s collar”. Cameron laughed, and said MPs had to take responsibility for their actions.</blockquote>
Bernie Sanders’ tweet:
And no — I’m not going to get over and let this one go anymore than I’m going to do the same with Nixon/Kissinger’s expansion of the Vietnam War when millions had the good sense and sufficient energy to protest that in the streets.
Is it remotely theoretically possible that ISIS are monsters who are fighting even worse monsters?
Presumably there’s a point at which we (and many, many others) have made things so bad that meddling can’t make them worse?
You do know Assad was a SECULAR despot, no?
Well, secular-ish, yes. But I’m not sure how that’s responsive. My point is simply that our Current Monster is always a special case.
Humans with functional souls have a hard time saying, ‘these atrocities are horrible, but still possibly better than the alternative.’ Humans with less functional souls are often Kissinger-esque. It’s tough.
Well, he could tolerate diversity, which the rebels cannot. Just ask all the Christians sects allowed to settle there in peace. So no, not the worst monster.
Ruthless with those who DID something to incur him, but not identity-based. Where ISIS kills you for what you ARE, not what you DO.
I think I’m being unclear. My question isn’t Assad vs. Isis. That’s done. My question is Isis vs. WhatComesAfterISIS. What do you think the chances are that we’ll look back at ISIS as not the worst monster?
Cripes, I hope not. I still think Russia has a chance to keep Assad in power for a transition period. But I fear the sectarian genie is out of the bottle everywhere in the ME as long as we keep enabling SA.
Another …
h/t GI Special @Basra
○ 1000 British forces seize and destroy Basra ‘renegade’ police station by Oui @BooMan on Dec. 25th, 2006
○ … Damnit We’re in Jail Dude [Video]
PS The child photo with Saddam Hussein, as I recollect, was a photo op in the first Gulf War when the dictator took westerners hostage as a protective shield.
Yanked him out of his incubator, I’ll bet.
So now everyone can interpret this photo in line with his or her own opinions about George W. Bush.
It was a political photo-op.
OR
It’s one of his grandchildren.
OR
It’s a child that Bush just kidnapped from an Iraqi orphanage.
OR
It’s a child that Bush is about to drop into the jaws of a ravenous crocodile.
The fantastic thing about this sort of exercise is that it’s completely data-free! You get to pick the interpretation most amenable to you and there’s no one there to question you, to do any fact checking.
Guess you don’t remember the fabulism from State on Iraqis in Kuwait.
Fabulism? Please explain. I mean, the Iraqi army did invade Kuwait. That wasn’t a Photoshop exercise. And yes, I’m aware of the screwball borders that were drawn by the British and French after WW1, and that Iraq had a territorial claim on Kuwait.
Back to the photograph of Saddam Hussein and the child: I thought this was intended as one of those banality-of-evil items.
No, that photo was of him with his grandson.
Indeed, I was confused with this earlier setting in 1990, Saddam with British citizen Stuart Lockwood.
Family members (and associates/courtiers) of ousted monarchs and dictators are always looking for some way to get back their privileged position. Most live out their lives in exile with some (sometimes considerable) wealth. Shah Pahlavi had one of the longer second acts — thanks to the US/UK backed coup and continuing business and government support after that.
Forty-seven years on, this guy is still wandering around as a king without a throne. Eastern Libya was the power base of its former king and a longing for a restoration of some sort wasn’t absent in the civil war. heh — after defeating the Taliban in Kabul, there were folks in the USG that recommended bringing back its last and aged king. Then there’s Spain. After several attempts and a bloody civil war, its monarchy was finally history, but the price for that was exorbitant. Later with death approaching, the bloody dictator appoints a successor king. (Tough to be a dictator without male issue.)
Angola is bankrupt but the dictator’s daughter in Portugal is the richest woman in Africa. Though she lives in Portugal where she banks.
LOL Forgot to edit.
Setting up the oligarchic dynasty – Reuters today: Isabel dos Santos promises overhaul of Angola’s state oil firm. (Having already stripped assets from Angola and redeploying them to investments in Portugal, she naturally needs to be present there to check up on this investments on a regular basis.) Have to wonder if all that wealth is legally only in her hands or in trusts for the entire family.
Always a good idea to get as much wealth as is practically possible out of one’s country as a hedge against government changes. And have an established exit route if the winds of change suddenly begin to blow. That’s what the Russian oligarchs did and Santos is half Russian. However, daddy is still in charge in Angola and might be grooming one of more of his other children to take over if need be.
The second generation of liberation wars in East and South Africa will be against their own loot-ocracies. Cannot think of a very many first generation ones that did not end up with a Zuma-type running state services into the ground. Don’t follow West Africa much.
Botswana got very lucky, so far. She is the star.
Some seemed to start off on the right foot. But that start might have ended with the assassination of Patric Lumumba. Then came some seemingly decent guys that decided G. Washington was wet behind the ears and have been miserable failures in securing their legacies by fearing instead of embracing successor talent.
I was under the impression that King Juan Carlos played an important role in quashing the attempted coup d’etat that occurred a few years after the restoration of Spanish democracy, when some military yahoos stormed into parliament. Juan Carlos’ reputation, and that of his family, has since been rather debased, I realize.
Today:
2002 – Bernie Sanders:
Today:
Blair once again demonstrating that he’s as dumb and clueless as GWB. (HRC smart enough to know that it’s best to throws in hedges whenever she advocates for bombing the shit out of another country.)
Yep, still stupid….”it would be best to negotiate with withdrawal of the regime.” Just what do we plan to replace it with?
I’ll bet 99% Sunni Syrians wish to hell they could turn back time a few yrs.
Statement during Tony’s press conference in London Now!
Coverage on most global news networks spinning his role in decision making going to war in Iraq.
Giving a voice to a war criminal, the British elites are such G*dd*m* fools – Hail Brexit!
U.S. chickenkawks …
○ The Hague Invasion Act
Posted earlier in today’s diary – British Empire Report: Its 179 Deaths In Focus [Update] .
Hot damn — he’s even using GWB’s script. Except he’s overlooking the fact that “history” is now knocking on his door. He’s a total wanker with a posh accent.
Speaking of elites doing their jobs well…
http://www.politico.com/story/2016/07/obama-to-keep-8-400-troops-in-afghanistan-next-year-225157
Psst — we don’t monitor and cover President Obama’s flip-flops, about faces, failures to deliver on promises, or out and out lies here. He’s been declared the best President in living memory. Up there with Lincoln and FDR.
Really? It would appear you’ve devoted yourself to precisely what we allegedly don’t pay attention to. Or better said–you’ve devoted yourself and your seemingly considerable anger to hectoring people whom you apparently believe, without evidence, to be at best ignorant of, and at worst complicit in, that laundry list of The Crimes of Barack Obama.
There is, of course, another interpretation. Hell, there are many other interpretations, but I’ll point out just this one: It may be the people you excoriate are fully aware of Obama’s shortcomings and failures, of Hillary Clinton’s shortcomings and failures, of the shortcomings and failures of previous presidents, but choose, in their limited time to comment here, to write about other stuff.
It may also be that other commenters choose not to let themselves be consumed by anger and hatred.
It may also be that Obama is clearly the best president we’ve had since FDR and that he has some flaws.
For women, minorities, disabled, minimum wage workers, unemployed workers with dependent children, and elderly Americans, domestic legislation that LBJ championed was a REALLY big deal. Just because none of that directly impacted your life, that’s no excuse for your ignorance. Without that legislation, states and later the Supreme court would have been hard pressed to take up the issue of abortion. Other than widows, single women were denied all sorts of rights in her own name. A car loan? Not without a daddy or hubby as co-signer. etc.
LBJ had snakes in his head, but he managed to get past some of them, imo, to the benefit of the nation. And he still had New Dealers in Congress. If not for Vietnam, would be no debate about his place.
Johnson ended immigration quotas based on national origin, forever changing the face of the U.S. That was another biggie.
Do you mistake me for a lemming? I assure you that I have never shut up about consequential rights and wrongs since I learned the difference between the two along with collecting the facts that make for an informed opinion.
Lemming?
Actually I learn a lot from many of your comments: commonly you provide more historical context than I am aware of. I just wish those comments could be presented without the accompanying denunciations of your audience.
Saw this today. So apt.
We have an electorate
armed with two rubber stamps
Our host has publicly wished that Obama could run for a third term.
Abdulrahman al-Awlaki would have been old enough to vote for him if Obama hadn’t killed him first.
Nobody seems to have noticed that Trump was praising Saddam Hussein months ago (February 15), in identical language:
Well, the MSM needed to change the subject fast, no?
DA PHUQ?
Questionable tax-free payments to Trump staffers raise ‘red flags’
Lori Ann LaRocco
Tuesday, 5 Jul 2016 | 10:26 AM ET
A series of filing anomalies point to a Donald Trump camp that is either unaware of campaign finance law, or is actively funneling donors’ cash to insiders, according to several experts interviewed by CNBC.
These “red flags,” as one expert deemed them, include a total lack of disclosure on which vendors staffers for the presumptive Republican nominee are paying, an “unusual” six-figure payout to campaign staff for nontaxable expenses and what appeared to be double reimbursements for some employees’ expenses.
When asked about the apparently unusual filing practices, Trump spokeswoman Hope Hicks said in an email that “the report speaks for itself.”
Well, I guess you have to prove intent was in their minds to convict these days… and we don’t have a functioning FEC any more anyway. (http://www.nytimes.com/2015/05/03/us/politics/fec-cant-curb-2016-election-abuse-commission-chief-say
s.html)
Water under the bridge, water under the bridge…
Hm. I was thinking that you would remark that rikyrah’s comment was another attempt by the MSM to change the topic.
Whether it is because of religion, social urgency or dessert environment, authority in the Middle East is comprehensively based on personality and unapologetic power. As Gertrude Bell wrote 100 years ago in the context of ibn Saud:
Perhaps the most successful authority episode of the British mandate in Iraq was deportation of Sayid Talib, a too eager minister. No questions were asked…
Bell’s exploits and the early Iraq history should be known better:
Gertrude of Arabia, the Woman Who Invented Iraq
The Queen of the Quagmire
Gertrude Bell – Wikipedia
Hint, folks: Part of American propaganda is to demonize the leader of a country or movement who is a threat to corporate interests. So, if Saddam were a bad man in 1991 why wasn’t he a bad man when we were giving him money and he was using poison gas against the Kurds? Ghadafy, a bad man who deserved to be anally raped when Clinton decided on regime change, but not so bad when he was supplying energy to the west.
Take a look around. Count the number jokes about Putin on the late night talk shows. Bad man, I tell ya, he’s a bad man!
(except that he has lots of nukes)
I don’t watch late night TV, but despite what in another thread you called my historical illiteracy (or words to that effect), I am aware that Putin rather skillfully managed to dismantle the nascent democratic experiment in Russia and replace it with a system that for shorthand may be called “rule by Vladimir Putin”.