I think we can debate whether historians, much like climate scientists, have an inherently liberal bias or it’s more accurate to say that they’re being pushed in that direction by the increasing rejection by conservatives of the values and standards of scientific research and academic publishing. Both can be true, I suppose, but there’s little doubt that science-minded, reality-based educators are feeling like they must have failed in their vocation somehow for the electorate to choose a man like Donald Trump as their president.
[Yale University historian David] Blight said, “When the most powerful man in the world speaks historical nonsense, we have to speak out and say so.” “I think we are very much in a similar role as climate scientists,” [American University professor Allan] Lichtman added. “There are truths of science. There are truths of history.”
For Blight, the trouble is that Trump rose to power despite these truths—despite the established danger of demagogues, the historic viciousness of prejudice, and the broad consensus that expanding rights for women and people of color has strengthened societies. “You spend all your years and all your life trying to teach history, and then to see this man elected—I felt historians had failed,” he said. “We’re working in every medium we can—from film, to museums, to writing books. But we’re up against the Fox News view of the country, which we don’t reach. We don’t even know how.”
The presumption here is clear enough. An educated public could not conceivably vote for Donald Trump. But, of course, this is really about what people value the most. A veritable shit-ton of people went to the polls last November with something else in mind than whether Donald Trump is a good person or treats women well or has an enlightened position on religious or ethnic diversity or tells the truth or defrauds people out of their money or spews ridiculous and embarrassing and racist conspiracy theories or has even an rudimentary grasp of basic history, science or foreign affairs.
Some people voted for Trump precisely because his ignorant insult-dog routine appealed to them or because he had all the right enemies. But a lot of people voted for him despite being somewhat concerned about his education, preparedness, character, and veracity. They were willing to roll the dice on Trump because different considerations were driving them.
In this sense, the historians didn’t necessarily have much of a role and shouldn’t consider themselves failures. If people know that a candidate only recently learned that Abraham Lincoln was a Republican and doesn’t know why the Civil War happened or who Frederick Douglass was, and they support him anyway, that says something about how well they’ve been served by the reality-based elite that’s been governing them.
By all means, the historians should step up to correct the record when the president does violence to basic facts that shouldn’t be controversial, but Trump’s election is about a much broader failure. Fascism and demagoguery grow in certain kinds of shit. Without it, they lack potency and appeal.
In order for Trump to stand a chance, the field had to be spread with some very fertile manure. Look at the hollowed out towns that no longer have vibrant small businesses and entrepreneurial opportunities, where the highest aspiration is to land a job as a wage-slave to some monopolistic enterprise.
Maybe if we had anti-trust enforcement over the last forty years, an ignorant buffoon wouldn’t look as good as another representative of the status quo, no matter how well prepared she might have been.
It all boils down to this: people voted for Trump BECAUSE HE IS EXACTLY WHO THEY WANTED. The evidence we all have that proves he’s ignorant, vain, selfish, cowardly and racist…these were selling points for his voters. They are not like us, these voters. They wanted someone to blow the government up, and boy howdy, they got him.
Historians, scientists, social workers, psychiatrists all could have stood on street corners everywhere and told people what would happen with an idiot like Trump as president. It would not have mattered. The people elected him.
So the ones to blame are the Trump voters. They willingly bought his load of crap and now we’re paying the price.
They didn’t want to want him, though.
It’s important to part of the left that this is not the case.
If racism, and sexism, and xenophobia, are just toxic epiphenomena of the prevailing late-capitalist mode of production, they’re doomed to fade away when that mode of production is smashed, and the revolution brings in a different mode of production.
Those poor bastards don’t have any agency, they’re just a by-product of a set of ever-more-financialized economic structures, tragic, but ultimately not responsible.
They’re victims, not perpetrators.
Oh please. They are not victims. They are perpetrators. They are adults who either were too lazy to do their homework, or did it and didn’t care.
Resort to political rhetoric or grand theories is a waste of time for all. You need to get out more.
Not familiar with Davis X’s shtick yet, are you? You need to read 90 percent, minimum, of what he says with a /sarcasm at the end.
Laugh at the Dialectic at your peril..
Heh. You usually give me a good chuckle.
No, Donnah. He is a reactionary candidate. Not in the common use of the word, though…rather as a reaction to what voters saw happening over the previous 20 years or more.
From both parties..
People voted for Trump because:
1-They didn’t like what had happened to this country under Obama.
2-They…with more than ample reason…distrusted both parties, and Trump ran against both parties.
and
3-They took a personal dislike to Hillary Clinton. Was that “racist?” No. Was it sexist? Maybe. maybe it was her own “sexism.” She certainly wasn’t very charming in any sense of the word. Obama was charming. HRC came off as a hard boss…possibly harder than she really had to be because of sexist memes rampant in both males and females.
What you are selling in this post is the HRC “deplorables” meme. Sure, there were deplorable people who voted for Trump. There were also deplorable people who voted for HRC…and Obama, too. Maybe a little different style of deplorable, but a sexist, classist middle/upper middle class voter…and I know them well because they dominate NYC politics and business…is as “deplorable” as is a sexist, racist working class voter. Not being nice folks is in no way a disqualifier for the vote. (All minority voters are not saints either, by the way.)
What it “all boils down to” is this:
The Dems ran a self-satisafied campaign, one that was dominated by the same sorts of people who have run the party since Clinton I…entitlement-poisoned, vain, DC Beltway-addicted assholes, one and all. HRC was massively and disproportionately favored by the major media, and many of the people who voted for Trump did so as a statement that if the media liked HRC and hated Trump, they were going to vote against the media.
Were they wrong?
I dunno.
What choice did they have?
Eight more years of progressive failure or…or what? Nobody really knew. So people rolled the dice.
And they lost anyway.
No matter what, voting in this country is now like going to a casino and playing against the house, and the house…the immovable, corporate-owned center… always wins. Maybe they’ll take a little less profit with Trump than they would have taken with HRC, or…maybe not. As can be plainly seen by Trump’s own moves towards the center since he was elected, he knows on which side his bread is buttered.
It’s only the rubes who think either so-called “side” in this monster mash is “better.”
More morally correct.
Massively powerful corporatism has no morality except one.
The bottom line.
If they believe that it’s good for the bottom line…from liberal touchy-feely right on out to the extremes of military dictatorship…then that’s what they’ll do.
Get used to it.
Or at the very least…try to make it plain to them that progressive values do not necessarily mean bankruptcy, and that the regressive policies of Big Corp’s last 20+ years or so are bringing this country to its knees or worse.
But whatever you do…please don’t run the deplorables game.
Just look how well it worked for HRC and the DNC.
Please.
AG
Jesus, this seems to be a day for pointless theorizing and resistance to facts.
Twenty-five years of smears and false accusations took their toll. You seem to be unaware of this.
Hillary was “massively” favored by the media? Where did you spend 2016? The moon? South Pago Pago? Disney World? The media, had you lifted your eyes from whatever class-warfare propaganda you seem to think applies (it doesn’t) you might have noticed the usual suspects, especially the NYT, engaged in creating and purveying false narratives and non-existent “facts” in its usual attempt to ensure those Clintons (who are always up to something, don’t you know) never get near the WH again. This same media invented Whitewater, after all, and are still pissed that they couldn’t uncover that pony they are convinced is under the next shovelful of shit.
Less time formulating lofty, if utterly bogus, theories, and more time spent out of doors talking to actual human beings would do wonders.
I read…at the very least skim…all of the news, jsrtheta. Centrist aggregators, leftiness and rightiness aggregators…the works. Daily. I perform a very physical line of work every day and take frequent rests…rests of 10 minutes or more where I go online and sop up what’s going on in the media. Of the major media…and I include all of the major TV networks, the major newspapers, the AP/UPI-style services and the major mags…I cannot think of one that did not overwhelmingly oppose Trump from the very beginning of his primary campaigns.
Except of course for Fox, a scattering of other Murdoch-owned media and the usual alt.right suspects. (And even Murdoch’s Wall Street Journal hedged its Trump bets quite strongly.)
About 18 to 1 against, if I had to guess odds.
Opposing Trump was supporting Clinton. And yes, they weren’t that comfortable with her, either. But they made their choice and stuck by it. In fact, with all of this RussiaGate shit flying about…which, by the way, HRC is breathlessly joining in an effort to excuse her own inexcusable loss…they are still pursuing Trump with all they’ve got.
Only…It ain’t much that they’ve got, apparently. Lots of maybes, no “GOTCHAS!!!” (Unless of course they are holding back really damaging info, either waiting for the perfect moment and/or using it to essentially blackmail Trump into playing ball.) You’ll notice…if of course you yourself aren’t so leftiness blindered that you are unable to see past your own kneejerk reflexes…that he is indeed playing centrist ball. Has been for weeks, now.
Anyway…enough time off arguing with the choir.
Bye-bye…
AG
The bleeding center of Arthur Gilroy’s “analysis”:
“Were they wrong?
I dunno.”
Maybe we can make our own decision about whether they were wrong:
Look at the smiling asshole faces on these white, oligarch-supporting men.
Were they wrong? I dunno, Arthur says.
Arthur Gilroy, everyone. The Ron Paul supporter who cites The American Mirror as a valid source of information.
No, Centristfield;
Here the “center” of my analysis..a bloody center, alright, but not of my choosing.
Your selective quoting:
How…centrist…of you!!!
Political expediency all gussied up as liberalism.
Did you read that far, or just kneejerk your usual polluted accusations as soon as you saw what you thought was an opening. I’d almost rather you hadn’t read much further, because if you did it means you are not just stupid, but crassly partisan as well.
With you and the other several “loyal Democrats” here…you know…the kneejerk downraters and complainers that weep and moan every time someone with an original thought that doesn’t agree with their own political positions posts something? With you and that bunch, this blog has become a tedious, kayfabe wrestling match, just like the rest of the false news media.
A waste of effort, talking to wastebaskets full of undigested information.
Enjoy your remaining time in the sun, reptilians. Unless your party manages a true makeover, it’s a done deal.
And with reptiles like those below in power?
It ain’t gonna be pretty, but it will be soon.
Bye-bye…
AG
The eight years of the Obama Administration is described by our fellow community member as “progressive failure”.
Very fair minded and nuanced of him. It really grapples effectively and accurately with what went on during the Obama Presidency.
Looking forward to the next lengthy spittle-flecked, graphic-filled response from our resident nihilist.
It is amusing to read a Ron Paul evangelist constantly tar people with his ‘centrist’ epithet. Arthur is no centrist, I’ll give him that. He’s an extreme right winger. His constant attacks on Democrats and leftists, and his near absence of criticism of Trump and Republicans, is making this clearer every day.
Arthur is not here to support progressive policies and candidates. He’s here to hurt our movement.
He’s lost his way.
LOL!!!
Your “movement” has stopped moving. It recycled a failed candidate who lost against a carny barker. Go home and write postcards.
And… I waste very little time criticizing the Trumpistas. First of all they provide their own criticism with every move. Secondly, you leftiness fools provide plenty of your own snark-infested, watery, ineffective “criticism.” You cannot laugh a clown offstage. I told you that twice and you paid no attention. Now he’s in the White House. Great work, mainstreamers. And third…look at the media. How long will it be before y’all realize that the sort of unsupported-by-real-factual-evidence “criticism” that the media is running…like this comical “Russiagate” thing…doesn’t even touch Trump’s base?
If he is losing any base at all, it’s on reverse merit. He just isn’t getting shit done. Once his voters realize that:
1-He doesn’t have a clue about governance and isn’t about to learn
and
2-He’s running towards the center as fast as he can get there out of sheer self-interest
They will turn on him and flock to the next “savior.” Who I at least hope has some semblance of a brain and soul.
We shall see.
Biden?
Hmmmm…
Warren?
The corporate media are on her like snow on Pocahontas. Even that fake librul snake Bill Maher is Pocahontasing on her. Classic non-personing from all sides. I’d be surprised if she makes it through her next term of office, myself.
Sanders?
I dunno if he wants it again.
Gettin’ a little…frail looking.
You’d better hope that Ryan doesn’t get a better hustle team to make him over into whatever image is needed to get over in 2020. Trump will be at the end of his rope by then…he’ll “retire” to his riches. The gig’s harder than he thought.
AG
Nobody’s laughing here.
Trump’s doing a piss poor job of running to the center.
Biden was/is no far left progressive. Yet you are eternally intrigued by him.
Arthur, you oppose portions of the New Deal and Great Society programs.
You have advocated for the restorations of Jim Crow segregated African-American communities, which you claim were better for African-Americans than what they experience today.
You recently used a garish photograph of a lynching in one of your rants, a garish photo which was unneccessary to your argument.
You support many of the things Cliven Bundy has said and done.
You support Voter ID laws and oppose comprehensive enforcements of civil rights laws.
You do not support unemployment insurance.
The massive expansion of Medicaid, significant taxes on rich people and other progressive policies in the Affordable Care Act are meaningless to you. You frequently advocate for broad discontent with the ACA.
You have repeatedly defended these positions here.
This is defined by the host as a progressive community, and you regularly attack the progressive movement and those in it.
You conclude this post by happily contemplating the Republican Party and conservative movement maintaining power past Trump’s term as President.
We’re months into a Trump Presidency and unified GOP governance which is as horrible as could have been expected. Your claims that you are in solidarity with the vast majority of Americans ring extraordinarily hollow.
You’re just not credible any more.
After the electoral fiasco…which you and your cohorts supported right up to (and even after) Trump “unexpectedly” won and your own prognostications turned into muddy ashes, you dare to say that I am not “credible” anymore???
Get real.
ASG
Not worth the effort. Easier to simply scroll through without reading their predictable blather and ignore their efforts to start another nonconstructive fight. Life is simple for political partisans — their team is good and always right (regardless of how often they are wrong). Sort of like US foreign policy over the past seventy years. Engage in enough conflicts and winning one of them is bound to happen at some point. A pyrrhic victory satisfies many.
This is interesting.
First the near enemy. Then the far enemy.
Correctly-oriented cadres know this.
Yeah, I know.
Sigh.
So many fools, so little time…
AG
OTOH, you really did nail him with this (so kudos for that!):
Well said!
Assumes facts not in evidence.
I’ve not seen any credible information that actual humans voted that way, only in the fever dreams of the bothsides punditry now infesting our media. It SURE as hell isn’t evident here in Red Shithole USA where I live.
Looking at Obama 2012 versus Clinton 2016 results (which is the metric I’ve mostly seen to support this view) bypasses the fact that Romney was a deeply flawed candidate: stiff, unlikeable, shallow, and Mormon; he was “The Man” personified:
“Corporations are people, my friends.” Who the fuck in the real world says ‘my friends’ like that? Condescension dripped from him like a waterfall.
He was one of the folks directly responsible for hollowing out those towns, and they damn well knew it because they’d all experienced “Oh yeah the factory closed and everyone got laid off when the company got bought by some hotshot Wall Street investment outfit”.
Trump is an entertainer and a salesman, and used those skills to sell himself.
People viewed him as a ‘blue collar billionaire’; one of them, a guy they could have a beer with. Plus he was gonna punch those hippies, and punch ’em good, and everybody was going to get in on the punching. No matter that every word out his mouth is a lie and he’s promising them stuff that cannot possibly be delivered. He told them they were winners, by god.
And all the folks how been uppity and getting shit that was denied to Trumps followers, (because they’ve been told over and over and over again how great all those Others were doing while good white christian folk like them were getting screwed) were gonna their well deserved beatdown, and get put back in their places where they belonged.
He tapped into and channeled the resentment Rush, Fox News, et all have been stoking for forty years; the same thing that’s gotten the GOP into power to make sure we didn’t have any anti-trust enforcement over the last forty years.
2012, they voted for Obama because it was deeply personal. Romney and his ilk were responsible for almost all of the crap that happened to them and they knew it.
They voted for Trump in 2016, because what Hillary represented was deeply impersonal. They’d been carefully taught to hate her, despite the fact that she wasn’t responsible for any of the crap that happened to them.
If you view the 2016 election on the right wing as a year long media-enabled version of the 5 Minutes Hate, you’d see that they voted for him because she has been turned into Emmanuel Goldstein.
The election didn’t turn on your red shithole alone. It turned on the differential between how much better Trump did with Clinton’s base than she did with his.
“How much better he did with her base than she did with his”
That right there is the fact not in evidence. Hillary did really well with her base; she got 3 million more votes.
I’ve never, however, seen any proof that there was a significant number of ‘Hillary’s base’ that voted for Trump instead. Jill ‘Ralph Nader II’ Stein, maybe, but not Trump.
As I said the Obama voters who went for Trump were voting against Romney as much as they were voting for Obama, because they didn’t like Romney.
They pretty much were just voting against Hillary. Had Trump run in 2012, I deeply suspect they’d have voted for him instead of Romney.
Arrgh! My Kingdom for an Edit function!
“Had Trump run in 2012, I deeply suspect they’d have voted for him instead of Obama” is what I meant.
Well, you’re 180 degrees from what the data shows. I just took a week off from blogging to write a 5,000 article about how Obama Democrats left for Trump in unimaginable numbers while Romney Republicans fled the GOP in huge numbers that just weren’t big enough to match.
We just saw a slow-moving realignment go into overdrive.
Dueling re-alignments.
The change in the popular vote margin was the 5th smallest in US History.
But you had a shift large enough among those making less than 50K, or less educated if you prefer, to by itself be enough to bring about a re-alignment.
And in the same election you saw a shift among those making over 100K, or better educated, large enough by itself to bring about a re-alignment.
IN OPPOSITE ELECTIONS.
There is no similar election since at least the WWW2, and certainly not since exit polling began.
I don’t think people realize how unusual these large these shits are.
It is like the sourthern re-alignment and then the northern counter-realignment, a process that took from 1968 to 1996, happened in ONE election.
yup
The change in the popular vote margin was the 5th smallest in US History.
But you had a shift large enough among those making less than 50K, or less educated if you prefer, to by itself be enough to bring about a re-alignment.
And in the same election you saw a shift among those making over 100K, or better educated, large enough by itself to bring about a re-alignment.
IN OPPOSITE ELECTIONS.
That doesn’t bode well for the future going forward.
This is the point: Shifts this large often recede in the next election.
I would be willing to bet that one party is going to win back more of what they lost than the other Party.
When that happens 50-50 America will be no more.
If the dems win back half their losses downscale, they are the majority party in this country.
If the GOP holds on to their gains downscale and wins back their upscale voters, they are the majority party in this country.
The last real shift in US politics was in 1930-32 and it mostly held for the next forty years. Since then it’s been 48/48 with one of the two parties better able to capture more of the remaining 4%. Usually in reaction to whatever narrative prevails at the time of the election. And as today fades within two to four years and neither political party does anything distinctive and/or worthy enough during the interim, the best adverts win.
On a line item by line item list of what Democrats and Republicans claim to stand for, Democrats always win. So why do they lose?
“I don’t think people realize how unusual these large these shits are.”
No edit needed. Works either way.
There have been many world wide mergers and acquisitions over the past forty years. You can see some of them on google for those in the US and the world over the last two decades. No one objected to them, or at least not effectively. And equally as offensive is the trillions of dollars the major corps have hidden overseas awaiting Trumps siren call to bring it home for nominal fees, forget the taxes. I don’t know who was supposed to be watching those stores.
And over that time executive pay went out of sight. Little folks watched in horror.
We do know that the march of capitalism has resulted in a good deal of inequality in this country, ala Bernie Sanders. Productivity gains have gone to the executive suite or to the stockholders. And it has happened all over the developed world.
Maybe we should blame neo liberalism and profit seeking in a free world market. But Trump figured it out, and he got just enough votes to put him over the top. The UK even had some trouble and we now await the decision on France. Seems the little guy doesn’t know from nothing except when he has nothing.
Meanwhile the people, the little people were just ignored. I can take you to Ohio where my in laws live, What a shit hole. My grandson makes a good hourly wage but comes home exhausted every night. He can’t last.
Who speaks for the low and middle income people. Obamacare with the Medicaid expansion was very good. But we had to go and tax the rich folks to pay for it and now they want it back – – and some more.
So yes, anti trust might have helped if we could figure out who should be doing it. I mean is there a political party who watches over this shit? But this world is going to need a hell of a lot more. And so far I don’t know who will lead us.
Booman, I wish I understood, much less shared your optimism that antitrust enforcement is the key to bringing vibrant small towns back to life. In a previous post, you wrote that “economy of scale is monopoly. In response, I commented that I didn’t see a basis for that statement in antitrust law. You didn’t reply, so I’m posting the comment again.
I wish I could agree. But I just can’t find any authority that economy of scale, without more, is an unlawful monopoly. Can you explain why you think that, for example, Walmart’s ability to charge low prices violates anti-trust laws? My knowledge of antitrust law stems mainly from the course in antitrust that I took in law school, which I enjoyed tremendously, and keeping up from time to time through friends in the Antitrust Division of the DOJ. As I understand a restraint of trade, it requires conduct jointly undertaken by two or more independent actors that unfairly suppresses competition, leading to higher prices or other adverse consequences to consumers. I don’t see that here [in the Walmart example].
In the late 1970s, I worked at an electronics manufacturer that had three prices for most of the goods it sold, depending on the size of the purchase. The big box stores paid the lowest wholesale prices per unit. That’s obviously the key to the ability of K-Mart, Walmart etc. to charge lower prices and of course it is based on economy of scale. Do you think that practice constitutes an antitrust violation and if so, how?
My other caveat about using antitrust to bring back local businesses is that the Walmarts of the world are extremely popular in working class America. The low priced goods they offer effectively allow people in rural and small town American to enjoy a higher standard of living. I can’t see the Obama-to-Trump voters willingly paying more for goods just to be able to buy them from local merchants.
I hope you can explain what I am missing.
you’re missing a lot.
you’re explaining antitrust law as it has existed since the late 1970’s, not how it existed prior to that.
antitrust was originally much more about preventing unfair competition than low consumer prices. by emphasizing low consumer prices, we got monopolies of unimaginable scale and purchasing power that wiped out whole industries just as efficiently as the automobile destroyed every profession related to the horse except racing.
Part of the problem in calling it a monopoly is that WalMart, like McDonalds and other huge chains, are the largest/only purchaser, exerting monopsony power rather than monopoly power, which give them advantages that other competitors don’t have access to.
My education in anti-trust law actually was based on cases that were decided before the late 1970s. But I cannot find any authority for your proposition that economy of scale is in and of itself, a violation of anti-trust law. You are absolutely correct that “by emphasizing low consumer prices, we got monopolies of unimaginable scale and purchasing power that wiped out whole industries.” But how does this violate the law? Can you cite case law, because I can’t find even one case holding that economies of scale that lead to low consumer prices, without concerted effort by more than one business entity to keep prices low when otherwise the market would set them higher, or by actions that keep potential participants out of the market, violates one of the anti-trust statutes.
You posted a video of a speech by Elizabeth Warren as authority for your position, but she did not say that in her speech. She attacked mergers and vertical integration — which undeniable can violate antitrust statues — not economies of scale.
I am honestly trying to understand where you are coming from. Telling me that I don’t know anything about pre-late 1970s antitrust law doesn’t lead to understanding. In fact it leads to annoyance, because I am perfectly capable of doing the legal research to test your position, and have done so.
You can start here:
On your specific point, you’re getting caught up on a technicality, which is a distinction between market share and purchasing power. Antitrust law used to heavily regulate market share as a way of controlling purchasing power. Then they changed so that market shares of enormous sizes could be justified provided that the result was not higher consumer prices.
The result was what you’d expect. Huge monopolies that squeezed out local businesses and killed entrepreneurial opportunities that were politically sustainable because of lower cost consumer goods and without a dramatic reduction in choice.
My brother likes to cite a DOJ case from the Kennedy administration where a children’s show company was broken up because it had a 4% market share. In many markers today, Was-Mart might have 20 times that market share in children’s shoes.
The shoes are cheaper, but the local shoe stores are gone.
Should correct this.
The example is a proposed merger between two shoe companies that was blocked because it would have resulted in an unacceptably high four percent market share in (just) the children’s shoe market.
No company was broken up in this example.
I think we are talking at cross-purposes. You argue that market concentration keeps small businesses and local entrepreneurs from entering markets and is therefore harmful to local economies. I don’t disagree. But you seem to suggest that more vigorous antitrust enforcement could cure the problem, and further, to suggest that market concentration is in an of itself an antitrust violation. This is where I disagree.
Let’s go back to first principles. Section 2 of the Sherman Act makes it unlawful for any person to “monopolize, or attempt to monopolize, or combine or conspire with any other person or persons, to monopolize any part of the trade or commerce among the several States, or with foreign nations . . . .” As interpreted by the courts (well before the late 1970s), this does not make it unlawful simply to have a monopoly or a large market share. Rather, to establish a violation, one must show both “(1) the possession of monopoly power in the relevant market and (2) the willful acquisition or maintenance of that power as distinguished from growth or development as a consequence of a superior product, business acumen, or historic accident.” United States v. Grinnell Corp., 384 U.S. 563, 570-71 (1966). In other words, a substantial market share is a necessary but not sufficient condition of establishing an antitrust violation. Unfortunately, merely having a monopoly — even one that harms would-be competitors — is not a per se violation of antitrust law. This was recognized in the granddaddy of antitrust cases, Standard Oil Co. of N.J. v. United States, 221 U.S. 1, 62 (1911)
The second part of the legal standard requires that the monopolizer, or would-be monopolizer, have engaged in anticompetitive conduct that evinces an intent to destroy competition, as opposed to a mere intent to compete vigorously. Times-Picayune Publ’g Co. v. United States, 345 U.S. 594, 626 (1953). Anticompetitive conduct includes activities such as exclusive supply or purchase agreements, tying, predatory pricing and refusal to deal. If anticompetitive conduct can’t be proven, all the antitrust enforcement in the world can’t protect small businesses from the Walmarts of the world.
I think the case your brother referred to may be Brown Shoe Co. v. United States, 370 U.S. 294 1962). That case challenged a proposed merger under Section 7 of the Clayton Act, which forbids corporations from acquiring share capital in another corporation where “the effect of such acquisition may be substantially to lessen competition, or to tend to create a monopoly.” Section 7 of the Clayton Act is a better standard for small competitors than Section 2 of the Sherman Act, but it applies in narrower circumstances. The market share(s) involved varied with different products and the facts were quite a bit more complicated than your summary suggests. But more important, the merger was not enjoined merely because of market share, but because it would result in a vertical integration of manufacturing and sales in many parts of the country.
Why do these details matter? Because antitrust enforcement is not a panacea for combating the market power of large corporations which are able to offer goods and services at lower costs because of economies of scale, in situation where those companies have not engaged in unlawful conduct. I don’t have to like it to be realistic about the potential uses of antitrust law.
Thank you for your posts.
I am a lawyer but my familiarity with anti-trust is hardly very good. I have done some Hart Scott Rodino reviews – but the deals I have been involved in are not controversial.
I am more than skeptical about enforcement after the fact. There is no slower legal proceeding than an Anti-trust action.
As a policy matter it sounds great – the actual implementation is pretty problematic though.
Thanks. You are certainly right about the slowness of legal proceedings. The Brown Shoe case was filed in 1955 and reached the Supreme Court in 1962. During the pendency of the litigation the companies were allowed to merge as long as they kept their books separately. After the Supremes ruled, they had to divest.
I’m not sure that existing antitrust statutes are effective vehicles for the current globalist economy. They were designed for a different era and different economic circumstances, I think.
Trump was the result of desperation for some voters. For others, even though they knew, morally, “logically” and otherwise that Trump was not fit, the veil of irrational hatred for Hillary they had been inculcated with over the years was too strong.
What’s sad is they’re about to find that Trump is the embodiment of the elite that’s been devastating their lives for decades, and not some “blue collar billionaire” fellow traveler.
You wrote, “If people know that a candidate only recently learned that Abraham Lincoln was a Republican and doesn’t know why the Civil War happened or who Frederick Douglass was, and they support him anyway, that says something about how well they’ve been served by the reality-based elite that’s been governing them.”
You don’t quite commit the fallacy of the single cause (your logic is saved by “says something,” which isn’t quite a statement about causality), but still, the logic is clear: In voting for Trump, voters protested the actions of the elite; the elite is reality-based, i.e. respects historical facts and evidence; Trump voters reject the elite; therefore, they reject facts and evidence. I don’t get the logic.
I think the post-election research has shown that about 70% of Clinton’s shortfall in the vote consisted of Obama voters who shifted to Trump. Other research indicates that racist attitudes are associated with voting for Trump. I haven’t seen an analysis linking those two data sets, i.e. how much of the shift from Obama to Trump was due to racism, anti-immigrant attitudes etc. I would dearly love to know the result of such an analysis if it’s been done. But I suspect that racist and anti-immigrant views are a much more powerful explanation of voting for Trump than the reality-based character of the liberal coastal elites.
That may be true provided it is in their salad bar. Otherwise it may be bullshit.
There’s not much argument that economic globalization was a net huge benefit to developing countries from the 1980s to the time of the Great Recession. On balance, it reinforced the rule of law, contract rules, quality standards and the creation of millions of new and better paying jobs. However, it also had serious negative outcomes: the homogenization of cultural goods, e.g. the destruction of traditional arts and crafts, catastrophic environmental damage (marine fisheries, tropical forests, etc.) and the emergence or acceleration of economic inequalities in those countries too.
We all know about the hollowing out of the American economy that was a cause (but by no means the only one of Trump’s election – see also racism and misogyny). The common negative theme of both developed and developing countries has been inequality and the sclerosis that has come out of the oligopolies created by the lack of anti-trust enforcement. The next Democratic Congress and President has to break up the big banks and then start with the anti-competitive industries, insurance, pharma and cable/internet providers. This will take years but the alternative really is, I believe, the complete collapse of the world economy. The kind of globalization we have now is like monocultures in agriculture. The slightest infestation could simply wipe out the whole crop. And that infestation will be climate change.
The problem, of course, being that the Republican party still exists to prevent anyone to the left of Reagan of potentially solving problems that need solving.
Also the Democratic party in its current form.
It just uses a nicer face.
Mostly.
AG
I’m not sure I agree that globalization was a net benefit. It certainly benefited foreign corporations and local people who worked for them in the few good-paying jobs they created. I lived in a developing country during the 1970s and return there regularly and have witnessed first-hand the change for the worst primarily from the sharp increase in inequality, the destruction of local industry, and the decline in self-sufficiency in basic foodstuffs, even in an agricultural country. I think it is fair to say that certain elites benefited. I suppose it depends which country or region you are talking about. I am talking about a country that had made great strides in attaining social and economic equality, universal education through the Ph.D., universal health care, equality for women and public housing. It has mostly gone down the tubes with the influx of global capital.
Which country?
Egypt.
Long time reader, first time poster. Please be gentle with me! I appreciate the trenchant analysis and thoughtful comments on this site.
I take Booman’s point, but I’m afraid the blame lies much closer to home, at least for me. I am a public school teacher, and I took the Trump victory as a rejection of a world in which facts and analysis should drive decision making. I was crushed.
The roots of the failure of the U.S. educational system is a complex subject, but I have formed some impressions from my time teaching, parenting, and participating in my community. At the risk of wearing out my welcome on my first visit, my impression is that the Left and Right each deserve a full share of blame.
I blame the Left for the “everyone gets a trophy,” culture, the idea that high standards, competition and rewarding excellence is somehow racist or imperialist. I blame the Left for obscuring the search for objective truth with relativist mumbo-jumbo.
I blame the Right for encouraging the rise of an Educational-Industrial complex which very efficiently raises money for consultants, bureaucrats, and contractors, while systematically ignoring the real needs of students, teachers, and parents. I blame the Right for, in the name of “local control of education” permitting a system in which your zip code and tax base determines the quality of your facilities and education system. I also blame the Religious Right for politicizing science education.
These trends, coming from the Left and the Right, have been complimentary. Whatever their intention, both Left and Right have created a system in which there is not enough teaching of philosophy, rhetoric, and critical thinking. We have to prepare constantly for standardized testing (thanks to the Educational Industrial Complex), and we can’t offend any child, or their parent, by giving them a failing grade or making them repeat a grade (because that might hurt their precious self-esteem) Add in the addiction of modern social media and games, and these kids can barely think in complete sentences, much less analyze policy arguments.
So, academic historians aren’t to blame. I am. Sorry America.
“I blame the Left for the “everyone gets a trophy,” culture, the idea that high standards, competition and rewarding excellence is somehow racist or imperialist. I blame the Left for obscuring the search for objective truth with relativist mumbo-jumbo.”
Who, exactly, labels high standards and the reward of excellence as racist or imperialist? Some super-ultra-mega anarcho-communist blogger and 4-5 of his/her top commenters on some website no one reads?
As far as I can tell, setting up high standards and then performing at or exceeding those stardards result in, for example, scholarships to schools, placement in internships and jobs, and promotions/pay raises at an already-existing job. Or, at least, most leftists that I come in contact believe that should be the case.
Are there an army of “leftists” who are decrying this and demanding that the sub-70 IQ child be given a Ph.D. for simply showing up to grade school?
I don’t follow where “leftists” are decrying meritocracy.
What I do see are leftists who look around at the current system and see nepotism d/b/a meritocracy, where students who do well are saddled with debt unless they pick a job where they make some oligarch profits. Or where workers are given mediocre or worse pay and few-to-little benefits for performing their jobs at a competent, if not high, level.
I mean, I realize the TrophiesForEveryoneTM rhetoric has spread far and wide as a replacement for “when I was a kid I walked 5 miles to school, uphill, both ways” mumbo jumbo, but I just don’t see anyone on the left criticizing education, critical thinking, science, and the liberal arts. I do, however, constantly see conservatives bitching and moaning that it’s a god damn sin against their religion of Capitalism and their god Mammon that people sometimes go to school for an education that doesn’t involve pushing the correct buttons in the correct order to make some oligarch more money.
Care to provide examples of leftists attacking education, critical thinking, science, and the expectation that when following the rules of society, there is a reward? Because I don’t see it from my vantage point.
High standards is a form of authority – thus a potential blind spot for post-modern rationalists. In particular, appreciation of the old-fashioned mastery may be very inconsistent among the left in general. With mastery comes a feeling of superiority, privilege…
Besides, objective truth and social justice may be competing (and resource demanding) values. Neglecting that could be an “eternal” source of antagonistic social rhetorics.
Post-Modernism’s Troubled Relationship with Science
Victimhood Culture’s Impact on Academic Education and Science
Yes AT!!!
My significant other teaches in the NYC area …city and suburbs both. Mostly downscale…but occasionally quite upscale…grammar school/middle school/high school situations both as a substitute teacher and as a teacher of music. I also have a great deal of contact with school-age musicians as a private teacher and clinician/guest artist.
We both see quite clearly exactly what you have said here.
Solutions?
I have none, other than whatever we can do as teachers and parents to counteract the digital shallowness that passes for social interaction and education today. My son…now in his early 30s and near a PhD in a scientific pursuit at an Ivy League school…was part of the first wave of this digitization. I recognized it for what it was and was very strict about limiting his time in digital pursuits and maximizing his time in actual contact with other human beings and the natural world in general. He came out a better man for it, I believe.
When I teach, I also limit tech help. I use no computers or recorded music if possible; I refuse to let students record their lessons…they pay much better attention when they don’t…and as much as possible I try to get them to learn by ear instead of by sight. (Kind of an advanced version of the Suzuki method.)
I realize that as a (relatively) independent teacher I have much more freedom than will someone in a given school situation, but these approaches can be used in schools as well. Simply banning cell phone use…they have to be off or they are confiscated until the end of class…does wonders for their concentration, for example.
Your school doesn’t allow that?
Try to get them to change. I know…administrators are mostly a mediocre. ass-kissing bunch. But give it a try, within your own limits of power and job security.
And thanks for the post.
Keep posting, please.
AG
Fellow teacher here, A.T. I understand and agree with every point you make about “Everyone gets a trophy.” Obsession with awarding/rewarding unearned self esteem. I get it. I’m living and working up to my neck in it every day. I just don’t blame the left for it. Or liberals either. You’ll have to provide some more solid evidence that the roots of those problems in our profession lay at the feet of liberal/leftist influence. Agreed the frustrations you list are very real. Are they especially new, or actually causing systemic failure? My pet frustration as you probably see in your school is lack of consequences for ANY negative behavior. Failure, Insubordination, tardiness, truancy, even violence. Hmmm, what political system of thought is really adept at rewarding failure, mendacity and incompetence right now? I’d even propose that there IS no crisis in education. At All. Excepting the crisis all educators and students are suffering at the hands of so-called “Reform,” from Bush’s NCLB to 8 years of Arne Duncan. Obama was no friend to teachers. (yes, I still voted for him) American students have always been in the bottom of the heap internationally for test scores. At least for 70 years. Our economy and standard of living, our workforce and technology pre-Reagan, still the envy of the world. We decided in 1980 to let conservatives ship our jobs overseas and decimate our middle class for the next 37 years. Schools can’t solve that one. But Leftists can.
Mostly ‘The bitch was going to win!’ but ok….
The phrase ‘Can’t see the forest for the trees’ keeps springing to mind.
It appears the more a person delves into the minutiae, the more they become convinced it must be complicated.
He hates the same people they hate. Then Comey shit his pants, stinking the whole world up.
.
People voted for trump because there are no jobs, no good jobs, no job for me, If I can never get a room at the hotel burn the sucker down. I don’t see jobs coming back, ever.
We know who did it, it was that damn Powell Memo, they have the money always coming in for a long term program, we don’t.
We live hand to mouth.
NOBODY cares about us, not Mrs. more- of-the-same, not trump either, but maybe he will tear it all down so something can grow.
Of course he lies to us, hell, you can’t have your TV on for 10 minutes without somebody lying to you. Like Big Daddy says, mendacity, mendacity…
Only thing I can do is vote, and I vote the biggest NO I can manage.
Joe Sikspak
Not sure if you are snarking or not, but…serious or joking.
Either way or anywhere in between.
You just nailed it.
Thanks…
AG
The biggest thing greatferm nailed was the Powell Memo and its outsized effect on today’s political landscape.
Arthur just stuck to the portions of the comment which lent themselves to his nihilistic lens and ignored greatferm’s point that reactionary right wing forces have pooled their enormous wealth to swamp the American electorate in an endless gauntlet of anti-Left propaganda over the last four decades. It is apparent that this constant stream of anti-government, anti-socialist propaganda has had an effect on Arthur’s worldview, judging by his participation in our community.
It’s telling that Arthur studiously ignores the Powell Memo point, but it’s unsurprising. He’s a Ron Paul evangelist, after all.
Agreed, historians aren’t to blame for Trump.
There were revolutions after the rise of the commercial class (most notably in France and the US) and more after the well-named Industrial Revolution.
Today it isn’t just the United States. Read the article on LePen and Macron in the current New Yorker and tremble as I did. Loss of traditional cultural norms and solid jobs are the basic issues. A lying demogogue vs a technocrat with ties to big banks and the global economy. Sound familiar?
Except in France, the lying demagogue has been around long enough to be known for what she is and the “technocrat” is the unknown.
IMHO, these economic globalist/neoliberals give technocrats a bad name. They’re just selling warmed over bankster/oligopoly mush. What the hell does the following even mean?
That’s Macron, but technocrat? (On the fast track at the Rothschild bank, co-workers were stunned that Macron did even know what EBITDA is.)
The FDR administration was filled with technocrats. Frances Perkins, Henry Morgenthau, Jr, and Marriner Eccles to name just three of the most prominent. Thomas Piketty has laid out the data for the use of real technocrats today. Those invested in rapidly burying his work are nothing other than the priests of the religion of capitalism and the “four hundred.”
Lies My Teacher Told Me
US and world History taught at barely above the level of “Cowboys and Indians.” Memorize the dates and names of “important wars” and the names of winning and losing generals and/or national leader was an easy A in the course. (Other than queens and king consorts and a FLOTUS or two (and then only superficially) women didn’t exist in history class.)
Who tilled and planted the soil that allows “American exceptionalism” and “American as the indispensable nation” to flourish and go unquestioned in US politics? Nonsense spouted by the left, right, and center.
No wonder Russia-Putin-Russia as the great evil could be quickly reprised and sold in 2016-17. We are historically a nation of ignoramuses. So, who is responsible for a national ignorance at the great cost years of history studies for all?
In my first career I taught secondary school history during the 1960’s. I, along with a modest group of others, pioneered a 1 yr non-Western history course to pair with the traditional 1 yr World History course, which was basically Western Civ. I believe it died soon after I left the district to teach it in another state. That district hired me specifically to teach this course so I assume it lasted longer. Don’t know because I made another out of state move, and so ended my career teaching history.
My second career was as an upper division/graduate school science professor.
So now both of my fields are being denied. I take no blame. I tried my best. And it was hard, hard work, especially at the high school level. And worse today, from what I hear from active teachers
Individual teachers aren’t so much to blame because they do have to stick to the curriculum handed to them. And the guiding principle of curricula is to pass along whatever works best to maintain the existing structures of a society. Or
However, they don’t have to make history dull as dishwater and packed with lies. And even within the curriculum that they have no control over, teachers can be subversive by teaching the how to and the thrill of learning.
My point was that I and others tried to provide a world view that was lacking. I also tried to use creative methods: native music, folk tales, anthropological studies, art, etc. I was criticized for not stressing more political history and memorizing.
I know. But there was a reason why I used the word subversive. A long time ago I pitched something to a senior manager in another department. He readily agreed to my proposal that was a benefit to the department I worked for and didn’t cost his department anything. I offered to write a confirmation letter of our agreement. His response was that we should just go ahead and do it without a formal agreement because that reduced the possibility of it getting bollixed up by others that would feel the need to interfere. Worked fine.
I’m not speaking of educator subversion like what rightwingers do — which ranges from illegal (ie praying in class) to presenting false and misleading course content and not covering the required material at all — only expand, enrich, and enliven the required material, including how and where to find more high quality information if one is interested.
I appreciate your further explanation and understand what you are saying, but it wasn’t easy to alter or be creative in how the material was presented or how students’ work was evaluated. This was pretty closely monitored. My efforts were not appreciated by many in my department and definitely not by the administration. Students enjoyed the classes but many were very upset when I didn’t give tests that depended purely on memorization, which was a lot easier than thinking. I imagine the leash would be held even more tightly now.
Students enjoyed the classes but many were very upset when I didn’t give tests that depended purely on memorization, which was a lot easier than thinking.
Students can be worse than the administration, and the best students worst of all. That’s the kind of learning that made them the stars of middle school, and they’ll be damned if they’re going to change their game, it got them this far….
Jesus. Occam’s Razor, Marie3.
Does the Russian government want to undermine international confidence in democracy and democratic institutions, such as a freely reporting media?
Were the Russian government’s interests served by getting Trump elected President or doing advance destruction to a prospective Clinton Administration?
Would the Russian government’s interests be served by getting Le Pen elected President or doing advance destruction to a prospective Macron Administration?
Did Putin invite Le Pen to a meeting which she happily accepted? Did they declare themselves to be in alignment on a number of anti-progressive issues?
Did Putin invite Flynn to a meeting which he happily accepted? Did they declare themselves to be in alignment on a number of anti-progressive issues?
Does the Russian government seek to destroy the European Union?
It’s offensive to draw a discussion of “American exceptionalism” into an argument which attempts to defend the Russian government from the growing evidence that it has thrown itself into an international strategy of propagandizing important democratic electorates.
“Look at the hollowed out towns that no longer have vibrant small businesses and entrepreneurial opportunities, where the highest aspiration is to land a job as a wage-slave to some monopolistic enterprise”
I’d be interested to hear just exactly how you’re going to outlaw WalMart, Home Depot and Lowe’s. Because sure as shit, those three have led directly to the loss of almost all the “mom and pop” stores.
And without getting rid of those things? Fuck it, the highest job you can get without a big assed degree IS as a wage slave.