I can’t really disagree with the substance of Ross Douthat’s argument. There are pros and cons to conducting a military intervention in the way that President Obama has chosen to conduct the operations in Libya. I think we all know the upside of getting the approval of the United Nations Security Council, the initial blessing of the Arab League, significant Arab participation, and letting the European powers take on a lead role. But the downside is also substantial.
But there are major problems with this approach to war as well. Because liberal wars depend on constant consensus-building within the (so-called) international community, they tend to be fought by committee, at a glacial pace, and with a caution that shades into tactical incompetence. And because their connection to the national interest is often tangential at best, they’re often fought with one hand behind our back and an eye on the exits, rather than with the full commitment that victory can require.
Aeschylus said, “In war, truth is the first casualty.” That, too, can become a problem when we choose to pay lip service to the limitations coalition-building places on rhetoric. The one thing everyone could agree about is that Gaddafi should not be allowed to keep his promise to hunt people down in their closets and show them no mercy. And, so, that is really all the United Nations approved. The actions needed to provide permanent security to the rebels of Libya are not formally approved, and no consensus exists for taking those actions. Gaddafi must be removed from power or we’ll be stuck in Libya protecting the rebels in much the same way we found ourselves stuck in Iraq for over a decade protecting the Kurds.
We’re not supposed to have any military personnel of any kind on the ground in Libya, but we have no intention of keeping that promise. We need spotters on the ground for our air strikes. And we need people to deliver arms to the rebels and teach them how to use and maintain them. The result is that we do one thing while pretending to do another. This kind of hypocrisy used to bother me a lot more when I was younger and more idealistic. I don’t worry too much about it anymore. I would rather we go get Gaddafi and remove him from power than that we get bogged down in a protracted civil war because we’re afraid to violate the letter of the law.
But it still grates on my respect for integrity when I see stuff like this:
White House national security spokesman Tommy Vietor told Politico that the U.S. mission was to protect Libyan civilians from violence — not to guarantee a change in leadership.<p.
"We still believe that Qaddafi has lost his legitimacy to lead and must go," he said. "However, the goal of this resolution is not regime change. Rather, it authorizes the use of force with an explicit commitment to pursue all necessary measures to stop the killing. These two things aren't contradictory."
No one was shy about saying that Gaddafi must go before the military hostilities started but now it has to be qualified with weasel-words. I understand the necessity for bullshit in war, but the worst thing possible would be if our leadership actually acted on those principles. If we refuse to take the actions needed to take Gaddafi out quickly and instead rely on a slow build-up of rebel forces, while pretending that we don’t have troops of any kind in Libya, then we will create an unholy mess. Gaddafi not only needs to leave office, he needs to do so very quickly. We gain nothing by sacrificing efficiency and speed when we aren’t going to abide by the letter of the law in the UNSC resolution anyway.
If that is how we conduct this war, then we will deserve the criticism leveled at us from the right.
I may have a hard heart, but I wouldn’t have treated the situation in Libya much differently than how we treated last year’s events in Kyrgyzstan or the 2005 disturbances in Uzbekistan, or the ongoing repression in Myanmar and Iran. We do not intervene everytime a government attacks its own citizens or denies them their civil rights. But, that’s not the choice that was made here. And now that we are committed, we need to act decisively, with alacrity, and with a single-minded focus on our national interests. We cannot become involved in any stalemate. I don’t care what we say officially. But we can’t let the requirements of coalition-building interfere with the job we need to get done.
What amazes me is that we are fighting an undeclared war, and also saying that we are not trying to kill Qaddafi. Why not? He is the issue. The sooner he is killed the better.
I have agreed 100% with you, Boo, on this. It is an idiotic situation to get involved with. It would have been far better to quietly put up a $5 million reward for the head of Qaddafi than all of this other stuff.
Saying, and doing, are two different things.
I’m getting scared. I’ve been agreeing with you too much lately Boo. 😉
“We do not intervene everytime a government attacks its own citizens or denies them their civil rights.”
Well yeah thank God, but the situations you mention at the bottom are all significantly different than what is going on in Libya. For starters, Libya is not a former USSR republic. Russia may not like what is going on in Libya even though they were convinced to abstain on their vote, but they would have zero tolerance for this UN action in one of their former republics. Also how many of the other examples you gave involved an armed opposition often led by high level officers that abandoned the regime or that that had taken control of nearly half the country but was beaten back and literally threatened with extermination. Geographical proximity to Europe is a factor too.
And I recognize there oil issues too.
About the quote from Vietor… Did the US ever state that we were going to kill Gaddafi before the operation? Because “guarantee a change in leadership” to me means just that in diplospeak. I don’t think the US wants to tell that to the Arab nations. As far as I can remember, before the operation we demanded that Gaddafi leave. That is a different level than threatening his life.
The one missile that exploded in Gaddafi’s compound perhaps belies Vieter’s words, but there was likely some air defense weaponry at his massive compound.
The difference between Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, Myanmar, and Iran, on the one hand, and Libya, on the other, is that Libya is right on the doorstep of France and Italy. They really don’t want (1) hordes of refugees, (2) TV images of a massacre of civilians on their doorstep, and (3) a massacre of civilians (in that order, methinks). I see the Europeans as the driver on this one. After all the browbeating about coalitions and supporting your allies we have bandied about trying to get them to act with us since the end of the Cold War, I can see how the administration might feel they have to back them here.
Agreed – I’ve been wondering about how much our involvement owes to the obligations of our friendship with France and Britain.
Isn’t it obvious? France and the UK called in their chits from their participation in Afghanistan.
Gates would not be calling for caution if the US were driving this.
I think you are both right, as is Booman. Another factor is the immediate historical context. The Libyan rebellion is part of a widespread pro-democracy uprising in many countries in the region. Furthermore, the rebels, in the initial phases, met with great success, apparently with no outside help — and Qadafi’s reaction was widely seen as despicable. The fact that the US right came out largely on Mubarak’s side I take as an indication that the rebellions really were not instigated by the usual suspects. In fact the west, which in recent years was fine with Qadafi, did an about-face on him similar to what they had just done with Mubarak. In other words, we were witnessing and acknowledging a general pro-democracy rebellion across the region. Of course the geopolitical situation vis a vis the US differs in various countries, so that (because of Saudi interests) the west is much less likely to get involved in a positive way in, say, Bahrein; but in Libya, this context of genuine revolt against a truly despicable dictator added to the momentum to help the rebels.
Who is “we” in this statement?
One of the advantages of a coalition is that the US is not obligated to do everything.
Also, there is no requirement to have closely coordinated ground support. Intercepting convoys heading toward rebel strongholds can be done in the middle of the desert. If the air defense system is indeed suppressed, there is little need to deal with military sites mixed in with the population.
If there is need for ground troops, the situation is civil war not the suppression of a popular movement. The UN Security Council resolution is very limited and the Secretary General has the responsibility for keeping it limited.
It is very risky and the international coalition should not take Gaddafi’s bait and exceed their instructions under the resolution.
Robert Gates said the US is handing off this operation in a few days.
If it is handed off to NATO under a US general, the handoff will be seen as a ruse. Hand off to the Danes. Someone who makes it clear that the effort is not a Western “crusade”.
Here is one of the immediate consequences of the action so far. The convoy that was destroyed between Ajdabiyah and Benghazi extended for around 60 miles. There was a huge amount of artillery and armor heading for Benghazi.
It appears that Gaddafi was not indulging in hyperbole in his threats against the people of Benghazi.
“I may have a hard heart, but I wouldn’t have treated the situation in Libya much differently than how we treated last year’s events in Kyrgyzstan or the 2005 disturbances in Uzbekistan, or the ongoing repression in Myanmar and Iran. “
I really enjoy your blog so please don’t take offense. Not one single person who is not named President Obama should be able to write those words. You do not know what you would do if you really had to make this decision. You don’t. I think its pretty arrogant for anyone to say they know what they would do. I’d bet money that the past two years have been quite humbling for Obama.
“The full commitment that victory can require”
There’s the heart of the problem, as always. What would victory be? The establishment of a “democratic” republic? Killing Gaddafi? Some quota of Libyans protected from the regime? We’re once again in a situation where “victory” has no definition or clear goal. And that’s what has led to disaster in every war we’ve gotten involved in since WWII.
Victory is compliance with UN Security Council resolution 1970. For Gaddafi to end the use of violence against civilians assembling for the redress of grievances. Throughout Libya. Military victory is entwined with political victory. Military victory is suppression of the air defense, air power and naval shelling capability and interdiction of large armored convoys.
Political victory is self-determination for the Libyan people (for once it probably is).
Military victory cannot in and of itself produce political victory.
BTW, World War II did not have a clear exit strategy. “Unconditional surrender” sounds so easy. Well the unconditional surrender of Japan involved a few conditions, one of which was the continuity of the emperor albeit only as a figurehead (not even a constitutional monarch). There were other conditions negotiated. The same was true of Germany.
Every war we’ve had has pretty much been a disaster. War itself is a disaster. And a failure of politics.