My brother Phil has the cover article in the new issue of the Washington Monthly. He examines the so-called “Texas Miracle” and finds it to be mainly hype. For example, people are not fleeing high-regulation states for low-regulation Texas:
…despite all the gloating by Texas boosters about how the state attracts huge numbers of Americans fleeing California socialism, the numbers don’t bear out this narrative either. In 2012, 62,702 people moved from California to Texas, but 43,005 moved from Texas to California, for a net migration of just 19,697. That’s a population flow amounting to the movement of one village in a continental nation. Far from proving the merits of the so-called Texas model, it shows just how few Californians have seen fit to set out for the Lone Star State, despite California’s high cost of housing and other very real problems. The same is true for all but a handful of Americans living in other states. Net domestic migration to Texas peaked after Hurricane Katrina devastated Louisiana and Mississippi, and has been falling off ever since.
But, more importantly, Texas doesn’t actually have lower business taxes than most of the country.
Moving a business to Texas also turns out to have tax consequences that are inconsistent with the conservative narrative of the Texas Miracle. Yes, some businesses manage to strike lucrative tax breaks in Texas. As part of an industrial policy that dares not speak its name, the state government, for example, maintains the Texas Enterprise Fund (known to some as a slush fund and to others as a “deal-closing” fund), which the governor uses to lure favored businesses with special subsidies and incentives.
But most Texas businesses, especially small ones, don’t get such treatment. Instead, they face total effective tax rates that are, by bottom-line measures, greater than those in even the People’s Republic of California. For example, according to a joint study by the accounting firm Ernst & Young and the Council on State Taxation, in fiscal year 2012 state and local business taxes in California came to 4.5 percent of private-sector gross state product. This compares with a 4.8 percent average for all fifty states—and a rate of 5.2 percent in Texas. With the exception of New York, every major state in the country, including New Jersey, Massachusetts, Pennsylvania, Ohio, Michigan, Indiana, Illinois, Wisconsin, and Minnesota, has a lower total effective business tax rate than Texas. If you think that means Texas might not offer as much “liberty” as advertised, well, you’re right.
Texas Governor Rick Perry understandably wants to be a booster for his state, but the impressive job growth there is almost entirely explained by the petrochemical boom they have experienced over the last decade. And with every boom, comes a bust, as Texans know only too well.
Looks like Krugman picked up on that article too.
Congrats to Phil!
Awesome response by Krugman:
http://krugman.blogs.nytimes.com/2014/03/03/oil-gas-and-rick-perry/?_php=true&_type=blogs&_r
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Nicely crafted article. I hope that gets noticed by a lot of businesses.
I love the bit about the effective tax rate.
The use of slush funds is especially nauseating. If you are a business already in Texas, and state socialism is used to bribe a competitor to enter the state and take away your clients, what the fuck is with that? In many states, TIFs are used simply as slush funds. In S IL where I used to live, a TIF was used to provide funds to a “pick-your-own” orchard. It was the most amazing thing – this business was hugely successful, with a parking lot filled with cars all the time. If they did not get the bribe, they COULD NOT pick up and move to MO – it was an orchard with 20,000 trees. So what was with the bribe? Simply the fact that the business supported the mayor, and he gave them money back. Disgusting.
Republicans caught lying. I’m shocked! shocked!
One thing I didn’t see addressed in that article is social issues. I know that if I were gay or had gay children and my employer wanted to relocate me to Texas, I would start looking for another employer. I live in California and while this state has its issues, at least you don’t have the state government actively looking to enable bigots and assholes.