I received a rather innocuous e-mail last week from a good friend. But for me, the e-mail was not innocuous.
The e-mail told the story of John Holmgren, a trucker from Shafer, Minnesota, who has painted his semi as a rolling memorial to the victims of the World Trade Center bombings on September 11, 2001. Apparently, Mr. Holmgren is frequently pulled over by local law enforcement officials, so that they might be photographed with the portable monument to our suffering.
The subject line of the e-mail reads, “Have you forgotten?”
I have not forgotten, as I explained to my good friend in a lengthy reply. I flew a flag for one year exactly. The first time I ever flew a flag. Installing the flag mount was an act of supreme patriotism for me. I don’t use tools much.
And I urged my country onward. I couldn’t wait for retribution. I counted myself among those proud Americans who were cheering the war in Afghanistan.
But when the bombing was over. When the testosterone-fueled need for revenge was sated. And the flag came down. I was forced to start reading and listening, in an effort to understand why it was my children were about to grow up in a world quite different than the one of my own youth.
Sadly, I reported to my friend, my own education on these issues has taken me to a lonely place. A place where I have to shake my head at the John Holmgrens of our world, and those that spread his story by chain e-mail. Because I think I’ve glimpsed the fundamental folly that has been embraced by our nation. That is still being embraced.
My responding e-mail might have cost me a dear friendship. Feelings on these issues run deep. But I believe in my case. So I will try to outline it here.
Why did al Qaeda strike at us on 9/11?
Assuming we can accept that the U.S. was struck by al Qaeda on 9/11 (a debate that I understand is unresolved for many of us here), my early inquiries around the event related to why. Why did they hate us?
Prior to 9/11, I was not so unlike a typical citizen. I was educated in U.S. schools. I was informed by U.S. media. And I was somewhat shocked at what might inspire people to want to throw down their own lives to blow up a high rise building. I started to get a handle on this question with the book Hegemony or Survival,” by Noam Chomsky. The book did a good job setting out the context that was lacking for people like myself. It served as the basis for an expanded world view. A world view that ultimately allowed me to write a list like this, and to question the almost universal acceptance by Americans of the idea that the U.S. generally acts for the good of the world.
While the book lays out a strong case for U.S. empire, and makes it relatively easy to understand why citizens outside the U.S. would quite naturally dislike us enough to take up arms and strike at us with any means possible, it is not necessary reading to understand al Qaeda’s specific motive for striking the U.S. on 9/11.
Osama bin Laden has been clear about what motivated the attack on 9/11:
The overarching motivation for the present al-Qaeda campaign was set out in a 1998 fatwa issued by Osama bin Laden, [et al]. . . . The fatwa lists three crimes and sins committed by the Americans:
* U.S. support of Israel.
* U.S. occupation of the Arabian Peninsula.
* U.S. aggression against the Iraqi people.The fatwa states that the United States:
* Plunders the resources of the Arabian Peninsula.
* Dictates policy to the rulers of those countries.
* Supports abusive regimes and monarchies in the Middle East, thereby oppressing their people.
* Has military bases and installations upon the Arabian Peninsula, which violates the Muslim holy land, in order to threaten neighboring Muslim countries.
* Intends thereby to create disunion between Muslim states, thus weakening them as a political force.
* Supports Israel, and wishes to divert international attention from (and tacitly maintain) the occupation of Palestine.
If we take our enemy at their word, the reasons for the attack are based in our foreign policy. We have occupied Saudi Arabia with bases. We have supported Israel both militarily and diplomatically in their efforts in Palestine. We have meddled in the affairs of the Middle East to control its precious resources.
Should we expect more suicide attacks?
If we accept the above list, we must expect that al Qaeda is still motivated to strike at us. From an al Qaeda perspective, things have only gotten worse in terms of U.S. involvement in the Middle East. Given today’s headlines suggesting the likelihood that Israel’s occupation of the Palestinian territories is about to spill over into a regional war, it is probably safe to say that things have gotten much worse.
So we must continue in our battle with al Qaeda, no? Eliminate them. Or control enough territory so they cannot act. Join Israel as an ally and put an end to this terror once and for all.
It is certainly a rational argument to consider. Are we not militarily strong enough to get them all. To wipe al Qaeda from the face of the earth. To install friendly governments in Lebanon, Syria and Iran. It seems to be the policy favored by our current neo-con administration. And we can all see how swimmingly this is working in Iraq.
But beyond the obvious failing of this idea in practical terms in Iraq, the idea is wrong in a more general way. Because it fails to understand the nature of suicide bombings. In a book chronicling the study of suicide bombings between 1980 and 2003, we can begin to understand the futility of winning the war on terror by militarism:
In scholarly and low-key prose, Pape delivers the results of his own extensive research and that done by the University of Chicago’s Project on Suicide Terrorism. In so doing, Pape demolishes the relentlessly repeated assertion of the neoconservatives and Israeli politicians that Islamist suicide attacks against America and other counties are launched by undereducated, unemployed, alienated, apocalyptic fanatics who are eager to kill themselves because Americans vote, have civil liberties, and allow women to drive cars. This assertion always has been transparently false. . . .
The basis of Dying to Win is Pape’s study of the 315 known suicide terrorist attacks that occurred in the world between 1980 and 2003, attacks carried out by Muslims, Tamils, Sikhs, and Kurds. Pape concludes that “the data show there is little connection between suicide terrorism and Islamic fundamentalism, or any of the world’s religions.”
“Rather, what nearly all suicide terrorist attacks have in common is a specific secular and strategic goal: to compel modern democracies to withdraw military forces from the territory that the terrorists consider to be their homeland. Religion is rarely the root cause, although it is often used as a tool by terrorist organizations in recruiting and in other efforts in service of the broader strategic objective.”
From a review, “Throwing America a Life Preserver” by Michael Scheuer, June 10, 2005
Pape’s research concludes that suicide bombings are caused by 1) invasions by democratic governments, 2) against countries with less military capability, 3) where the occupying army has distinct cultural differences with the occupied people. Putting these factors in place tends to cause occupied people to line-up to defend their homeland by carrying out the most destructive suicide attacks that are available to them.
Generally, these ideas lead to some very frightening conclusions. After 9/11, our response has not been to address the root causes of the terror against us. It has been to occupy two countries. And in both occupations, the conditions outlined by Pape are ripe for the creation of even more suicide bombers. So far the reach of these suicide bombers has been confined to targets withing Afghanistan and Iraq.
But in a world full of nuclear weapons, should the U.S. not worry that its imperialist chickens are going to come home to roost:
Among high-level planners who attended the Havana retrospective was Kennedy’s defense secretary, Robert McNamara, who recalled in 2005 that the world had come “within a hair’s breadth of nuclear disaster” during the missile crisis. He accompanied this reminder with a renewed warning of “apocalypse soon,” describing “current US nuclear weapons policy as immoral, illegal, militarily unnecessary, and dreadfully dangerous.” This policy creates “unacceptable risks to other nations and to our own” (both the risk of “accidental or inadvertent nuclear launch,” which is “unacceptably high,” and of nuclear attack by terrorists). McNamara endorsed the judgment of Clinton’s defense secretary William Perry that “there is a greater than 50 percent probability of a nuclear strike on US targets within a decade.
Graham Allison reports that the “consensus in the national security community” is that a “dirty bomb” attack is “inevitable,” while an attack with a nuclear weapon is highly likely if fissionable materials – the essential ingredient – are not retrieved and secured.
From “Failed States,” by Noam Chomsky, 2006.
So what should we do?
It seems to me that we have two paths. Of course, when faced with any situation, the number of potential actions are limited only by imagination. But as I reflect on it almost five years after the fact, it seems to me that we were faced with two basic paths in responding to 9/11.
There was the path we have taken. Militarism. Continuation of empire. Invasions that flaunt international law. Continued basing of soldiers around the globe to
secure our “economic interests.” Use of covert operations to subvert democratically elected governments with whom we disagree. Essentially more of the same of the laundry list that can be found in Hegemony or Survival, or in my own list on this blog earlier this week.
And there was a path that relied on the rule of international law to start dealing with these problems. We could have treated 9/11 like the crime that it was. We could have respected the laws of our nation, as well as the law of the collected nations of the world. And marched onward together in pursuing the individuals responsible for the crime. (An interesting note that Chomsky makes in Hegemony, is to reflect on the magnitude of our loss on 9/11 versus the death toll that has been inflicted by our state sponsored terror – and honestly, we are not the most afflicted nation on the planet by a long shot, despite the obvious tragedy of this attack on our soil). We could have started to look at the causes underlying this event with open reflection. Started to turn away from empire. And excess. Toward sustainability. Toward the universality of human rights.
It may not be too late to change courses. But in my view, a change of course in necessary. I suspect in the weeks and months to come, that there will be concern of new wars in Lebanon, Israel, Syria and Iran. That the military forces of Russia and China and India and Pakistan might well be mobilized. That we may soon again be within a “hair’s breadth of nuclear disaster,” to use McNamara’s phrase.
But to begin to fight our way back to that path of peace and justice, I think we individually may have to do exceptional things. We may have to risk friendships in order to tell the truth as we see it. To beat back what is a nationalistic furor. There are reasons why we lost people on 9/11. And from my own observation of the attitudes of my fellow Americans, I do not believe that most have even begun to examine those reasons in any depth.
Herman Goring is oft quoted from his defense at the Nuremberg trials:
Of course the people don’t want war. But after all, it’s the leaders of the country who determine the policy, and it’s always a simple matter to drag the people along whether it’s a democracy, a fascist dictatorship, or a parliament, or a communist dictatorship. Voice or no voice, the people can always be brought to the bidding of the leaders. That is easy. All you have to do is tell them they are being attacked, and denounce the pacifists for lack of patriotism, and exposing the country to greater danger.
We are being easily led. In an ongoing war. And perhaps into new wars. And to continuing occupations. And to covert actions to secure our rights to BigMacs and SUVs. I submit to you that it is our own nationalism and militarism that is leading us to a day when our children may well see the mushroom clouds of this administration’s imagination.
No. I have not forgotten.
How many people remember that it was the US who refused to follow int’l protocol when the Taliban agreed to turn over bin Laden once we’d presented them with proof of his invoilvement? The belief that the US & NATO have any legitimate role in Afghanistan never ceases to amaze & confound, without exception.
Yea, but we “won,” right?
With any luck, like salmon, we’ll someday get to the spawning grounds of peace.
We are very much like Salmon, I think. Good point about Afghanistan — and our promlematic future there.
Well, according to these two transcripts, 1., 2. bin Laden has indeed admitted responsibility for the 9/11 attacks and he had shown in previous attacks that indeed was capable of staging such large attacks. The reason for States not showing evidence of criminal conduct, in this case terrorism is often because they do not want to reveal their modus operandi or endanger their access-points to how that information was acquired.
Bin Laden had been a wanted man long before 9/11, but the magnitude of the attack 9/11 attack and the amount of casualties it produced just underlined the need to do something urgently in order to prevent possibly new attacks. As an outsider I can not of course say anything about what kind of evidence the Bush adm. had but I am quite convinced that they had some kind of information pointing towards Al-Qaeda and in hindsight of bin Laden admitting his involvement in the 9/11 attacks they seem to have been proven right.
You could of course argue that bin Laden is not telling the truth in those 2004 transcripts, but then again I could argue that he was not telling the truth back in 2001 when he denied any involvement in the attacks. And if you think he is not telling the truth in the 2004 transcripts then how can we trust his reasons for attacking the west outlined in his two fatwa’s?
I fail to see how bin Laden’s denials/confessions have any relevance as to whether or not we followed anything resembling normal int’l extradition procedures, rather than giving a ‘turn him over or we’ll bomb the shit out of you’ ultimatum. There were already sitting indictments for the Cole & African bombings. One can question whether or not they would have actually turned him over to the Americans as they claimed, or would have continuned to shelter him as we have done with the bin Laden of Latin America — Posada Carilles — who among other things, took down a commercial airliner. The point is, we’ll never know & look like aggressive hypocrites instead.
In retrospect, I have to agree with Arcturus on this point. I think it is the jumping off point where we decided how we would fight the “War on Terror.” Our path — to use our might to make things right as we see it. The right path, in my view, is to engage the world and use the rule of law to accomplish objectives that make for a more peaceful world.
Also, I would note that statements like this…
As an outsider I can not of course say anything about what kind of evidence the Bush adm. had but I am quite convinced that they had some kind of information pointing towards Al-Qaeda and in hindsight of bin Laden admitting his involvement in the 9/11 attacks they seem to have been proven right.
… are a prime example of the lack of critical thinking that is fomented by nationalism. To paraphrase, you say, “I do not know what the evidence was on this point, but they must have had good evidence at the time they attacked.” It is the exact lack of reasoning which has caused 2,500 of our soldiers to die in Iraq, along with 40-200 thousand Iraqi civilians.
Allowing our government to continue to act in secrecy to “protect us,” seems to me, to be a prescription for more and more atrocity committed in our name.
Just a note, Gjermun E Jansen is unlikely to be in the throes of US nationalism, as he appears to be a Norwegian national living in Norway. That doesn’t mean I agree with his take on things, just an observation that your point about “our government” maybe is a bit off the mark in this case.
A point well taken. Is the book going to be released in stores across America? I took to looking for it a week or two ago, but see the release date in your sig.
It’s going to be in pretty much all the major chains plus most of the independents with significant F&SF shelf space. I got a totally unexpected Publishers Weekly starred review which means that there’ll be more copies than there might have been otherwise. IN general it’s been reviewing better than I’d hoped. It’s cool, but kind of surreal. Thanks for asking.
Good diary BTW, I just didn’t really have anything to add to the discussion.
Any links for the reviews? Would love to read them (so long as they don’t give too much away.
Publishers Weekly.
SFRevu.
Fresh Fiction.
Alternative Worlds.
I got a four star review from Romantic Times too, but that one’s not online yet, as well as couple more print only venues.
Those are awesome. I was a sure customer before, but I’m now I can’t wait. I need a good piece of fiction, too. Damn. July 25 is a long way off. Story sounds brilliant. Nice work! Here’s to good sales and sequels (and not losing that first novel beauty that the one reviewer really likes).
Cheers!
I wanted to ask how sales of Direct Actions are going. It’s now moved from my to-be-read shelf to the second from the top of the bedside table pile, right under Kansas’ The Virgin of Small Plains and above my firend Nina’s Stir of Bones, and I’m very much looking forward to reading it. Also, how is writing the next book going?
As predicted by the large house that pulled it off the slush pile, “Direct Actions” was not a guaranteed commercial success. But I still love it. For the way I published it, it sold like hotcakes. Local stores continue to stock it. And it is still available at all the major on-line outlets. And here of course, I think.
Second novel is going slow. It is on the verge of completion. I’ve got some last edits. I’ve floated it to a few friends. Very different than “Direct Actions” but the general consensus is that it is good. No idea who if anyone is going to publish it though. “Skinnyberry.” To be released whenever. Good luck with sales.
I’ll keep my fingers crossed for a quick acceptance should you run it by the big houses first, or just plain old outstanding sales if you go the self-publish route. Well, outstanding sales either way, or small press for that matter. Good luck with it!
Despite the many obvious differences, I’ve been contemplating lately the similarities of suicide bombers & the self-immolating Buddhist monks in Vietnam. The monks, clearly, found a morally “pure” form of expression.
& totally tangential, but p’haps of interest to you, two interviews:
& then an interview with his daughter, Samira:
To close the circle, lemme ask: have you seen Paradise Now yet, the Palestinian film about a suicide bomber that roused controversy when it was nominated last year for an Oscar?
I have not seen Pradise Now, but will endeavor to see it. I have been alerted to the existance of the film. Thanks for the excellent quotage. Many good ideas afloat in the world.
Great work, Joe.
I guess it is not surprising that Pape’s work has received so little attention in the media. (It was about a year ago that I first became familiar with his work — as a result of a leaflet handed to me by a group of tenacious Senior citizens who have been holding vigil outside the Federal building in Chicago every Tuesday morning for at least three years.)
Thanks Pape’s sharing his research here.
Happy to do it. Thank goodness for “tenacious senior citizens.” They make up a formidable force. Kind of like a council of elders, I’d say.
Is what any number of people have been looking for since the end of WWII. One with ample justification, majority support, the opportunity to appear heroic, and something to sing songs about and fill the history books with, overriding (or overwriting) Vietnam, for a long time to come. Many thought that they had gotten this, with Afghanistan – which is, I think, one of the reasons that few seem to want to revisit 9/11, the rhetoric and justifications, the eagerness to bomb, and the absolute refusal to consider alternative actions.
We had our justification (another Pearl Harbor, which just coincidentally the people behind the administration in power had indicated they longed for, just a few years before, but that’s neither here nor there). There was majority support… everyone (or at least, some of everyone) was in favor of making them pay, eliminating the threat, going after the evil durs. We had the opportunity to appear heroic by encouraging anyone who survived the bombing to shave off their beards! Cast off their burquas! Paint a school! And, considering the condition of the country, the lack of a real military and other factors, it should have been a victory that would overshadow other losses and fill up our history books with great deeds of war, with the capture of a devil incarnate.
A main complaint about the push into Iraq has been that the eye was taken off the ball and we were not able to complete our Good War and have a victory there, because of the scattering of our resources… and a good bit of the dissatisfaction with Iraq now is because of how the occupation is going and not as a review of was it a good thing in the first place (among many who are just recently coming to the “let’s end it” point of view).
Some people think working for peace and against war is pie in the sky idealism, a longing for a world that could never be and so on… but, while I am idealistic, I am also analytical and deeply practical at heart… and to me, when you examine the issues, motives and especially the events leading up to armed conflict, war most often could have been avoided if other measures were taken, if other priorities such as human rights, civil rights, societal issues and so on had been at the forefront. I bet even in the Good War.
Take the Holocaust… I know that is only one of the things involved in the decision making of war, for the US, and I’m not even sure it was a main one, but how many years before Hitler came to power, before Kristallnacht, were the Jews ostracized and villified, discriminated against and demonized… not only in Germany and surrounding countries, but in many other European countries and the US? Was there a point where people could have stood up and said, no.. you’re not going to do this, we’ll not be a party to it? I think there was.
Anyway, I’m just yapping on here… thanks, Joe, for taking on this topic. Examining motives, events, precursors, who benefits, alternatives and how to avoid repeating actions again and again is not anti American or pie in the sky, it just makes good sense.
Thank you for yapping on. Good stuff.
I have come to believe, honestly, that war in any form is not the answer. At least since the onset of the horrible weaponry of our industrialized world. It is a failure, both for those who wage it, and for those who suffer it.
I believe my children’s very lives are being endangered by the “War on Terror” in its many facets. Not from some mystrious Islamo-fascist. But by the neoconservatives who have engineered the war.
Thanks
I have come to believe, honestly, that war in any form is not the answer.
I think this is a good place to be… because once you are there, where war in any form is not the answer, then (one of) the only questions left is… what is?
And from there we (just a small we, so far, unfortunately 😉 are forced to not only look at things and how they are around us today, but also at what today is going to propel the events of tomorrow.
This is a difficult thing for those who have been raised to consider war not only an answer, but sometimes the best answer to the question of “what do we do now?” What if some sort of evil is in the world, how do we fix it? How do we prevent it in the first place, is there a point where we – remembering that operating from a position of exceptionalism, colonialism and all that stuff is (in my view) completely off the table – where we can effect change to the point where there are not only other options other than war, but options that others would also consider viable?
We are not running the world, of course (yet), but these are things that need thinking about (and I’m pretty sure there are people doing just that) but the more the merrier! And more powerful, too 😉
Hey there Joe: God Damn!, one of your best efforts IMHO. I appreciate your willingness to put it on the line on a day to day basis. Losing or potentially losing good friends is not an easy thing to contemplate. (we don’t get that many good ones in a lifetime)
My stomach literally churns when as I channel flip in the evenings, I pause for a second or two on CNN “Situation Room” or some equivalent on Faux News or where ever. The latest “international crisis” is being dissected, as if it were halftime at an NFL game. My nightmare is like yours, sooner or later someone is going to set off a big one (Or two or more) over here. If I am lucky enough to survive that, I want to ask “them” (the MCM) (MCM = Main Corporate Media), are you happy now??!
Thank you.
Yes, it is extremely difficult to watch MSM “analysis.” Reminds me of watching old “40s” propaganda films, personally.
I can suggest an alternative I use that is far more enjoyable. And I think far more informative. Get an ipod. And download the “Democracy Now” broadcast for free on weekdays. I think you would like it.
Another Pacifica program worth catching with indepth, under-reported stories & interviews from a progressive POV, is Flashpoints Radio. Unlike Democracy Now!, they don’t publish transcripts, but have Listen, D’load, & IPod options.
Flashpoints broadcasts live at 5:00 PM PST weekdays, & the show is available on-line at 6:30 PM the day of the show.
Here’s yesterday’s line-up:
Ali Abumnimah is the founder of Electronic Infitada & yesterday announced a Lebanon page.
It seems to me that we’re following the Israeli philosophy of fighting “terror” – and have been ever since 9/11, if not before. But as we are seeing right now with more escalation in the Middle East – by Israel, of course – that will get us nowhere. If our purpose is to create more terrorists and make sure that there is never a solution, then by all means we should follow Israel’s example. I think most of us realize this is path will lead to nothing but folly.
btw, I think the argument that invasions by “democratic nations” is one element that leads to suicide bombers is specious at best. maybe I’m in the minority (not the first time by any means), but I for one do not consider Israel a democracy any more than I considered South Africa a democracy. which is to say, I don’t.
Your point about our taking the “Israeli path” is a good one, I think.
I’ve read selections of Pape — but not the book in its entirety. His methods appear very sound. I can understand you quibble about the use of “Democracy” for governments that show anti-Democratic tendencies.
But his point is strong. Perhaps you could substitute the word nominal Democracies. Basically, so long as the occupied culture perceives that there is a Democratic process of some kind in the occupying state, they believe that their personally apocalyptic actions can influence the outcome.
that makes much more sense to me. thanks for the response.
doesn’t mean one has to submit to the brainwashing and cult-like stepping that has happened since Setember 11.
I remember seeing the second tower crashed into. I kept my kids home that day from school. The tears, the fear… but then I saw so many willingly giving up their freedoms, rights.. hell their dignity and sanity to slip into the “kill, kill and kill them all” mentality.
I remember… I remember farther back than 9/11.
BostonJoe, I’m stepping out again, buddy. Same damn base, same damn gate. I’m not forgetting Lt. Watada and I won’t let them forget Swift either. —
JULY 15th 2006: NATIONAL DAY OF ACTION TO DEMAND AN IMMEDIATE HONORABLE DISCHARGE FOR SUZANNE SWIFT
Saturday, July 15th marks a national day of action to call for an honorable discharge for Army Specialist Suzanne Swift, who turns 22 on that day. Protests will occur at the gates of Ft. Lewis (exit 119) beginning at 12 pm with a press conference at 3 pm.
Just say no to brainwashing!
Good luck with Watada. Excellent work there. I visited his site thanks to your work. I wrote him a letter of support and plan to provide him additional support.
He is a good man. He makes me proud. As do you.
I hope Simon Malthus won’t mind if I quote him rather extensively – because it seems to fit so well here. In his diary a couple of days ago on What’s the Point of Knowing Hisotry, he and I had a bit of a conversation about why we moved so quickly from sadness to revenge after 911. Here’s what he said that spoke to my heart profoundly:
as i see it: the essence of tyranny is the suppression of spontaneous knowing.
REMEMBER: the ‘heart’ is not simply an organ of feeling (in the traditional view) but the root of genuine cognition. to put it in the language of St. Augustine:
“Our task in this life is to restore to health the eye of the heart, by which God might be seen.”
try to see past the religious construct, if it offends you. what i mean to say is that to control people you must blind their hearts. if our task is to restore to health the eye of the heart, the tyrannical State’s survival depends upon our failure. the tyrannical State depends upon its ability to substitute fake feeling for real feeling. for it to succeed, we must not be strong enough to reject the difference.
here’s another angle: following 9/11 there was tremendous sympathy around the world for America. within America and around the world, people responded to the trauma by reaching out across boudaries to identify with a shared sense of humanity and humane value. what a terrible basis upon which to found a global War of Terror!
so, yeah, the grieving process had to be warped to prevent people from going soft and loving one another. we had to be pushed to feel terrified and vengeful toward the very bad men who hated civilization itself. likewise, the world had to be made afraid of us.
Simon is not the only Dreamer at this site. Or in our country. Thanks for posting his thoughts again.